Glossary 43] 
Glossary 
A- —Not, or without. 
Acaulescent—Apparently stemless, the 
leaf-bearing stem being very short or 
subterranean. 
Acicular—Needle-shaped. 
Acuminate— [ aper-pointed. | 
Acute—Merely sharp-pointed, or ending 
in a point less than a right angle. 
Adnate—Grown together. 
Akene—A small dry hard 1-celled 
l-seeded indehiscent fruit. 
Alpine—Belonging to high mountains 
above the limit of forests. 
Alternate (leaves, branches)——Singly at 
the stem-nodes. 
Ament—Catkin—A deciduous scaly spike 
of flowers. 
Angiosperms—The great group of seed- 
plants with ovules (and seeds) inclosed 
by an ovary. 
Annual—Of only one year’s duration. 
Anther—The part of the stamen which 
contains the pollen. 
Anthesis—The opening of the flower. 
Apetalous—Without petals. 
Apiculate—Tipped with a short and 
abrupt point. 
Appressed—Lying close and flat. 
Arborescent— Tree-like in size or form. 
Arcuate—Bent or curved like a bow. 
Aril—An appendage growing at or about 
the hilum of a seed. 
Aristate—=Awned. 
Articulate—Jointed. 
Ascending—Rising gradually upward. 
Auriculate—With ear-like appendages. 
Awl-shaped — Sharp-pointed from a 
broader base. 
Awn—A bristle-like appendage. 
Awned—With an awn. 
Axil—The upper angle between a leaf 
and the stem. 
Axillary—Occurring in an axil. 
Axis—The central line of any body; the 
organ around which others are at- 
tached. 
Barbed—With usually reflexed rigid 
points or short bristles like the barb of 
a fish-hook. 
Barbellate—Finely barbed. 

Basifixed—Attached by the base. 
Beaked—Ending in a long narrow tip. 
Bearded—With long or stiff hairs of any 
sort; awns of grasses are sometimes 
called beards. 
Berry—A fruit pulpy or juicy throughout, 
as a currant or a grape. 
Bi- —Two or twice. 
Bidentate—2-toothed. 
Biennial—Growing from seed one year, 
then blooming and dying the next. 
Bifid—2-cleft to about the middle. 
Bilabiate—labiate—2-lipped. 
Bipinnate—2-pinnate—Pinnate, then each 
part again pinnate. 
Bipinnatifid—2-pinnatifid—Pinnatifid and 
then the parts again pinnatifid. 
Biternate—2-ternate—With 3 main divi- 
sions each with 3 leaflets. 
Bladdery—Thin and inflated. 
Bract—-A very much reduced leaf, spe- 
cially one subtending a pedicel. 
Bractlet-—A bract on the pedicel. 
Bristlh—A stiff sharp hair or any very 
slender body of similar appearance. 
Bulb—A Jeaf-bud with fleshy scales, us- 
ually subterranean. 
Bulbiferous—Producing bulbs. 
Bulblet—A small bulb. 
Bulbous—Bulb-like in form. 
Caducous—Dropping off very early as 
compared with other parts. 
Caespitose—Growing in tufts. 
Callus—A hard protuberance; in grasses 
the tough swelling at the base of the 
lemma. 
Calyx—The outer set of floral envelopes; 
when there is but | it is considered to 
be calyx. 
Campanulate—Bell-shaped. 
Canescent—Grayish-white — with fine 
hairs. 
Capillary—Hair-like in form. 
Capitate—Collected into a head-like clus- 
ter: 
Capsule—A pod; any dry dehiscent seed- 
vessel. 
Carinate—Keeled; furnished with a sharp 
ridge or projection on the lower side. 

