432 Glossary 
Carpel—The pistil is composed of | or 
more modified leaves each of which is 
a carpel. 
Catkin—Ament. 
Caudate—T ailed. 
Caudex—The persistent base of an other- 
wise annual herbaceous stem. 
Caulescent—Having an _ obvious leafy 
stem. 
Cauline—Belonging to a stem. 
Cernuous—Nodding. 
Chaff—Small scales or bracts on the re- 
ceptacle of Compositaceae; the glumes 
of grasses, etc. 
Chaffy—Furnished with chaff, or of the 
texture of chaff. 
Chartaceous—With the texture of paper 
or parchment. 
Ciliate—The edge with a fringe of hairs. 
Cinereous—The color of ‘ashes. 
Circinate—Rolled inward from the end, 
like some umbrella-handles, 
Circumscissile—Opening by a transverse 
circular line of division. 
Clavate—Shaped like a base-ball bat. 
Claw—The narrow or stalk-like base of 
some petals. 
Club-shaped—Clavate. 
Coalescence—The union of parts or or- 
gans of the same kind. 
Cohesion—The union of one organ with 
another of like nature. 
Column—The united stamens, as in Mal- 
vaceae; or the stamens and pistils united 
into one body, as in Orchidaceae. 
Commissure—The plane of union of the 
two carpels in the Umbellaceae. 
Compound—aA pistil composed of 2 or 
more carpels; a leaf divided into leaf- 
lets. 
Compressed—Flattened on two opposite 
sides. 
Congested—Crowded together. 
Connate—United or grown together from 
the first. 
Connective—The part of the anther con- 
necting its two cells. 
Connivent—Converging, or brought close 
together. 
Contorted—Twisted together. 
Convoluted—Rolled up lengthwise. 
Cordate—Heart-shaped, with the notch 
basal. 
Coriaceous—Leathery in texture. 
Corm—A solid bulb. 
Corolla—The flowery envelope (usually 
showy) within the calyx. 
Corona—Crown. 
Corymb—A flat or convex flower-cluster, 
with branches arising at different levels 
and blooming from the outside toward 
the center. 
Corymbose—Corymb-like. 
Costate—Ribbed. 
Cotyledons—The first leaves of the em- 
bryo. 
Creeping (stems)—Growing flat on or be- 
neath the ground and rooting. 
Crenate—With rounded teeth. 
Crown—Corona—An appendage at the 
top of the claw of some petals. 
Crustaceous—Hard and brittle in tex- 
ture; crust-like. 
Cucullate—Hooded or hood-shaped. 
Cuneate—Cuneiform— Wedge-shaped. 
Cupule—A little cup; the cup of the 
acorn. 
Cuspidate—Tipped with a sharp and stiff 
point. 
Cymbiform—Boat-shaped. 
Cyme—Like a corymb, but blooming from 
the center outward. 
Cymose—Cyme-like. 
Deciduous—Applied to leaves which fall 
in autumn, and to a calyx and corolla 
which falls before fruit forms. 
Decompound—Several times compound- 
ed. : 
Decumbent—Reclined on the ground, but 
the summit tending to rise. 
Decurrent (leaves) —With blade-like ex- 
tensions on the stem beneath the inser- 
tion, as in thistles. 
Decussate—In pairs which are successive- 
ly alternate with each other. 
Deflexed—Bent downwards. 
Dehiscence—The natural opening of an 
anther or pod or other vessel. 
Dehiscent—Opening naturally. ; 
Deltoid—Shaped like the Greek letter A. 
Dentate—T oothed. 
Denticulate—Diminutive of dentate. 
Depauperate—Below the natural size. 
Depressed—Flattened, or as if pressed 
down from above. 
