Be ater 
Glossary 437 
Rosulate (leaves)—In a rosette, or basal 
whorl. 
Rotate— Wheel-shaped. 
Rudimentary—Imperfectely developed, or 
in an early stage of development. 
Rugose—Wrinkled, roughened with wrin- 
kles. 
Runcinate—Coarsely saw-toothed or cut, 
the pointed teeth turned toward the base 
of the leaf, as in dandelions. 
Runner—A slender and prostrate branch 
rooting at the end or at the joints. 
Sac—Sack—A\ny closed membrane, or a 
deep purse-shaped cavity. 
Sagittate—Arrow-head-shaped. 
Salver-shaped—Salverform—With a bor- 
der spreading at right angles to a slen- 
der tube. 
Samara—A wing-fruit, e. g., maple, ash, 
elm. 
Scabrous—Rough or harsh to the touch. 
Scarious—Thin, dry, membranous, and 
not green. 
Scale—A reduced leaf-like body which is 
not green. 
Scape—A peduncle rising from the 
ground, naked or without ordinary foli- 
age. 
Scapose—Scape-like; or with a scape. 
Scorpioid—Curved or circinate at the 
end. 
Scurf—Minute scales on the surface of 
many leaves. 
Scutellate—Saucer-shaped. 
Secund—One-sided, as where flowers, 
leaves, etc., are all turned to one side. 
Semi- —Half. 
Sepal—One of the leaves of which the 
calyx is composed, 
Septate—Divided by partitions. 
Septum (septa)—-A partition, as of a 
pod, etc. 
Sericeous—Clothed with satiny pubes- 
cence. 
Serrate—With margin cut into teeth 
pointing forward. 
Serrulate—Diminutive of serrate. 
Sessile—Without any stalk or petiole. 
Sheath——A tubular envelope, as the lower 
part of the leaf in grasses. 
Shrub—A woody perennial, smaller than 
a tree, usually with several stems. 
Silique—The pod of the Cruciferaceae. 
Silky—Glossy with a coat of fine and 
soft, close-pressed, straight hairs. 
Silvery—Shining white or bluish-gray, us- 
ually from a silky pubescence. 
Simple—Of one piece; the opposite of 
compound. 
Sinuate—Strongly wavy. 
Sinus—The cleft or depression between 
two lobes. 
Spadix—A fleshy spike. 
Spathe—A bract which sheaths an in- 
florescence, specially a spadix. 
Spatulate—Shaped like a_ spatula, or 
druggist’s spoon. 
Spicate—Spike-like; in a spike. 
Spike (inflorescence) ——The flowers  ses- 
sile on an elongated axis. 
Spikelet-—A small or a secondary spike. 
Spindle-shaped—Tapering at both ends 
like a sweet-potato. 
Spine—A sharp woody or rigid out- 
growth. 
Spinescent—Tipped by or degenerating 
into spines or thorns. 
Spinose— Thorny. 

Spur—Any projecting appendage of the 
flower. 
Squarrose—Said of scales, leaves, etc., 
when they spread widely from the axis 
on which they are thickly set. 
Stamen—The pollen-bearing organ. 
Staminodium (staminodia)—Abortive sta- 
mens or other bodies in the position of 
stamens. 
Standard—The upper petal of a papilio- 
naceous corolla. 
Stellate—Star-like; several similar parts 
radiating from a common center. 
Sterile—Barren or imperfect, 
Stigma—The region of the pistil which 
receives the pollen. 
Stipe—The stalk-like support of a pistil. 
Stipitate—Furnished with a stipe. 
Stipulee—-The appendages on each side 
of the base of some leaf-petioles. 
Stolon—Trailing or reclined and rooting 
shoots. 
Stoloniferous—Producing stolons. 
Strap-shaped—Long, flat, and narrow. 
