
are discussed, The List of References provide citations of original 
studies from which data in this paper were obtained. (Numbers used in 
the text for reference purposes are enclosed in brackets. ) 
Although the data used in this paper were obtained on only a 
limited number of areas in the Missouri River Basin, it is possible that 
they apply over a wide section of the country. At least, the information 
may serve as a more solid base for evaluations than has been obtained 
from the "educated guesses" used heretofore. 
METHODS 
Except for minor refinements made during the course of the 
studies, and except for the limited coverage of certain areas, similar 
methods were used for all studies. Methods, as illustrated by combi- 
nation creel census and expenditure studies, are explained in some 
detail in Special Scientific Report, Fisheries Nos, 120 [20], 126 [21], 
and 141 25, and, except for the broad considerations, the methods 
will not be repeated here. 
The sportsman's daily expenditure was derived from the 
summation of four categories of expenses: (1) Transportation, 
(2) Trip, (3) Investment, and (4) Annual. Transportation expenses 
were determined by applying a rate of 7 cents to the average number 
of miles traveled per day by each person, The average number of 
miles per person per day was determined by dividing the round-trip 
mileage by the number of persons in the party and by the number of 
days inthe trip. Trip expenses include expenditures for food, lodging, 
refreshments, fees for guide service or entrance to an area, rentals 
of norses, boats, bait or ammunition, and for miscellaneous items 
such as film and ice. These expenses were obtained from individuals 
ona daily basis. Investment expenses are those for equipment used 
in pursuit of a sport, which is prorated according to tne life-expectancy 
and the number of days that the items are used per year, Fishing 
tackle, guns, decoys, dogs, boats, and special clothing were all taken 
into account in determining investment expenses. Annual expenses are 
recurring expenses, such as license fees, hunting and fishing magazine 
subscriptions, club dues, and contributions to conservation causes; all 
of which are prorated to the individual on the basis of tne total number 
of days that the individual hunted or fished during the year of study. 
All four types of expenditures were obtained in the field in 
the early studies (through 1949), In later studies, only transportation 
