
but the fact that the basic samples in the later studies were consider- 
ably greater than in the earlier listed studies would indicate that the 
later studies had a reliability at least equal to that of the earlier 
studies, 
RESULTS 
A total of 45 sportsman-expenditure studies have been made 
by the Fish and Wildlife Service in the Missouri River Basin, Of these, 
10 were for warm-water fishing, 22 for cold-water fishing, 5 for 
pheasant hunting, 2 for duck hunting, 4 for deer hunting, 1 for elk 
hunting, and a special study of annual and investment expenditures of 
licensed sportsmen in 3 Montana counties. 
The component parts of the sportsman's daily expenditure 
and the expenditure per pound of fish or unit of game are shown in 
tables 1 and 2 for each area studied. Daily expenditures for invest- 
ment and annual items, as determined from the special survey in 
Yellowstone County, Montana, and in Valley and Roosevelt Counties, 
Montana, also are shown for each of the various types of fishermen 
or hunters, 
Fisherman Expenditures 
The total daily expenditure per fisherman varied consider- 
ably from area to area (see table 1), Factors that caused this varia- 
tion include: location of the fishery in relation to centers of population, 
general accessibility, extent of participation by nonresidents, type of 
fishery, and extraordinary expenses such as guide or packing services, 
Fisheries located close to a center of population receive a 
proportionately higher use by "local" fishermen than those located some 
distance away, simply because ardent fishermen will make repeated 
trips to a nearby area, Proportionately higher use by local people re- 
sults in a lower average round-trip mileage and transportation expend- 
iture, Local fishermen also have small expenditures for trip items. 
The above is illustrated by the low expenditures for transportation and 
trip categories by fishermen using Lake Maloney [4, 5_]}and the Middle 
Section of the West Gallatin River (7, 15_!. These two fisheries were 
within 7 to 9 miles of North Platte, Nebr., (12,429 people), and 
Bozeman, Mont., (18,065 people), respectively, and received a high 
proportion of their use from these centers of population, Although the 
town of Fort Peck, Mont., had only 1,191 people (and thus cannot be 
