JANUARY. 5 
the processes of blooming and setting the fruit, and the growth of the 
young shoots; the trees in all other respects being fully exposed. This 
tiffany coping will keep the walls and trees dry, and also keep off all but 
the severest frosts—saving a deal of trouble in covering and uncovering, 
which must follow even when canvas rollers are used, and more so where 
any other kind of protection is employed. A three feet width of tiffany 
will be sufficient for walls under 10 feet, and 4 feet for those higher. 
The way of fixing the canvas is this :—3 or 4 feet from the face of the 
walls, as the case may require, stout larch poles are to be fixed upright 
In the ground, 10 feet apart, the poles to be 1 foot higher than the - 
coping of the wall. The tops of the poles to be cut square, and on these 
are laid longitudinal rails, formed either of 38-inch sawn strips, or smaller 
poles sawn down the middle, and either screwed on to the uprights, or 
fastened by a pin and eye made to take out easily (the posts and railings 
are to be kept from year to year); another strip of wood is laid on the 
edge of the wall coping, to which it will require fastening, and from 
this bracing pieces should be thrown opposite each post, to the front 
rail, and properly secured, as well as one in each interval; the whole 
forming a stout frame, which will, by marking the pieces when taking 
them down, last for a number of years. It now only remains to stretch 
the tiffany over the frame (as this can be bought in 8 and 4-feet widths 
there will be no trouble in cutting it), tacking it on with a list binding 
to hold it firm. We observed above that the posts are to be 1 foot 
higher than the wall, which, with the railing, will make 15 inches, so 
that there will be that fall from the front of the tiffany coping to the 
wall. ‘This projection of the coping upwards also serves two objects— 
it will admit more light to the tops of the trees, and cause a good deal 
of the rain falling on the tiffany to run off to the wall coping. Except in 
cold weather, this temporary coping will form a sufficient protection 
without anything being placed along the front, and the full exposure 
of the trees to the sun and air, while at the same time they are kept 
dry and safe from all but very severe atmospheric changes, constitutes 
the great value of the plan as compared with close covering. Toensure . 
further protection in the case of severe weather, small tenter hooks 
should be fixed on the front of the top rail, on which netting or tiffany 
may be hung from post to post; or what would involve but little more 
trouble, a slight iron rod might run alongside this front rail, on which 
the netting or tiffany, furnished with a binding and rings, might be 
suspended in bad weather, and drawn aside when not required. From 
our experience, however, with a wooden coping, we feel satisfied the 
front protection would be required but seldom, and, if netting is used, 
might remain for several days without removing, as sufficient air would 
get admittance through the meshes. Nothing in our opinion (excepting 
of course severe frosts) injures wall trees when in bloom so much as 
sweeping currents of air; to prevent the bad effects of this, upright pieces 
of tiffany should be run from the ground to the coping, and of equal 
width. If these breaks are placed every 20 feet apart, when the walls 
are much exposed, the trees will be preserved from draughts ; the good 
effects of which will be seen by the rapid growth of the young shoots, 
with the leaves free from blister and curl; and, as wood thus formed 
