



HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 95 
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to a height proper to form a top. None of the lower 
limbs should be cut off entirely, as it is best to form 
the head as low down as possible, so that the limbs 
and leaves will protect the trunk of the trees from the 
direct rays of the sun. 
Prune any time from November to April, but prune 
every year. 
In pruning, cut above a bud that is on the outside of 
a limb, as that bud will develop into a branch, growing 
outward, and it is desirable to have the growth of the 
tree spreading, in order to let in sunlight and air. If 
the limb is cut just above a bud on the inside, the 
future branch will grow toward the main trunk. 
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SPRAYING 
The amateur home gardener will find that one or 
more of the recently introduced preparations now on 
the market are practical to use. Nearly every type 
necessary is sold in convenient packages sufficiently large 
to keep the garden well sprayed for the entire season. 
The directions for use are plainly marked on all 
packages. 
To produce the highest results, spraying is of vital 
importance. A Spray Calendar, giving correct dates 
for spraying and formulas of the different mixtures and 
sprays to be used, is issued by the Department of Ag- 
riculture, Washington, D. C. But, we will give you here 
shortly the most essential points. 
There are two distinct groups of insests—those 
known as the chewing or biting, and the sucking. The 
chewing insects are beetles, and worms that damage 
plants by eating holes into the leaves, unopened buds, 
and flower petals. To combat this type it is necessary 
to use some form of stomach poison spray, such as 
arsenate of lead, paris green or black arrow. 
Sucking insects are those that do damage by suck- 
ing nourishment from the leaves, causing them to curl, 
wither and eventually drop. Some form of contact 
sptay is necessary. For these pests, there are several 
forms of nicotine solutions commonly used, such as 
black leaf 40, black arrow dust, lime sulpher wash. 
Diseases such as blight, fungus, rot, scab, etc., are 
combated mostly by the use of a fungicide either Bor- 
deaux Mixture or Lime Sulpher. 
The most important and most effective winter spray 
is the Lime Sulpher Spray. It will act as a beneficial 
cleanser for almost all trees. Used when the trees are 
fully dormant it is easily applied, and fully effectual if 
done at all carefully, because no foliage obstructs a 
thorough covering of all parts of the branches and in- 
