28 HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 

5B—Or, have supports made to order from your 
local blacksmith. Iron rods, the thickness of a pencil 
are shaped and soldered together to match the indi- 
vidual tree. One is placed behind each tree. The 
branches are tied to the rods with raffia. This method 
of support is an expensive proposition, but it gives an 
extremely neat effect since all the framework is hidden 
from view. 
7. As the leaders grow taller, the tops may be 
trained horizontally to give the fence that finished effect, 
or you may allow the leaders to continue to grow up- 
ward. 
Suggestions: 
To avoid spikes driven into the wall, drive 2 x 2 
inch stakes (10 ft. lengths) into the ground, at either 
end of the planting. These stakes should be placed as 
close as possible to the wall. Then run wire horizont- 
ally and fasten to the stakes by means of hook nails. 
If the planting consists of several trees, place addi- 
tional stakes at intervals where support is needed. Of. 
course, spikes driven into wall give best results. 
One or More Espalier Trees Planted in the Open— 
1. At either end of the planting, drive two cedar 
posts, bamboo sticks or pipes into the ground. Place 
posts or supports behind each terminal leader. Use 10 
feet length posts, allowing 2 feet to be driven into the 
ground. If cedar posts are used, sharpen the bottom 
end to a point for best results. 
2. If planting consists of several trees, additional 
posts may be set at intervals. 
3. String horizontally, three or four rows of wire 
from one post to the other. Place lower of first wire, 
18 inches above the ground. Place second, third, etc., 
series of wires, 24 inches above each other. 
4, Tie leaders to the wires by means of tarred twine 
or taffia. 
One or More Horizontal Cordon Espaliers Planted 
Against a Wall or in the O pen— 
1. Set the posts 20 feet apart from each other and 
drive posts 2 feet deep. If cedar posts are used, sharpen 
bottom end to facilitate planting. For Single Hori- 
zontal Cordons, use 3 ft. length posts; for Double Hor- 
izontal Cordons, use 4 ft. lengths; and for Three Tiered 
Cordons, use 6 ft. lengths. 
2. Wire or wires (depending upon the number of 
horizontal leaders) should be placed behind each hor- 
izontal leader. 
3. Run wire horizontally and attach to posts by 
means of hook nails. 
4. Tie leaders to wire with raffia or tarred twine. 
5. Horizotnal Cordons should be planted at a dis- 
tance of 15 feet apart from each other to obtain best 
results. F : 

