30 HENRY LEUTHARDT NURSERY 

IMPORTANT 
Pruning Espalier Trees every year is essentially im- 
portant and it is the main key in obtaining successful 
results. Pruning avoids excess wood, helps one to en- 
job picking a larger and far superior crop of fruit every 
year and brings out the symmetrical pattern of the Es- 
palier Tree. When an Espalier Tree makes too much 
wood, not only is the beauty and effectiveness of the 
Espalier lost, but the fruit crop will result in a scanty 
yield, if any at all. 
Leaders or Arms are the main branches or skeleton 
of the Espalier Tree which gives the tree its symmetri- 
cal pattern. 
Side shoots are the twigs which develop along the 
main leaders or arms. 
The Elbow is that part of the leader or arm which 
forms the curve. 
A Bearing Spur is a small round swollen-like bud 
usually surrounded by a cluster of leaves, which even- 
tually forms the fruit. 
1. Use 8-inch galvanized spikes for stone, brick, 
or cement walls, allowing 6 inches to protrude from 
the wall. Use a star drill to avoid wall damage. 
2. Use flanges for wooden or clapboard walls to 
prevent splitting. Flanges are 6-inch long pipes, 1-inch 
in diameter, fastened to the wall by means of screws. 
These may be painted to match the wall. 
3. Use galvanized number 10 wire for best results. 
4. Turnbuckles are used when the wire is loose 
and needs to be tightened for firm plantings. 
5. Hook nails are used to fatsen wire to any kind 
of wooden posts for neatest effect. Use 3-inch cedar 
posts of whatever lengths necessary. 
6. For longer last, all posts inserted in the ground 
should be painted with creosote. 
7. The wire, spikes, turnbuckles, hook nails, etc., 
can be purchased at any hardware store. Flanges can 
be obtained at any plumbing supply company. Cedar 
posts may be obtained at a lumber mill. 
Number of spikes 
Type of Espalier or flanges required 
Single*+U 2Formiet:)..-Geet6 see 4 
Four vArmed* 0) 27 ee 6 
Six Armed eee ee 8 




