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Fig. 17. A close-up of the vegetation in one of the permanent meter- 
square study quadrats at Station 2. The exposed stems of willows and 
badly shattered lichens are indicators of over-grazing. Compare this 
to Fig. 18 below. 8/3/57. 

Fig. 18. Luxuriant lichen growth at the northwest end of &. Matthew 
Island which receives only light summer use by reindeer. Note the 
few willow leaves (very dark) in the lower center which are nearly 
engulfed by the lichens. 7/26/57. 
18 
