FRUITS 68 
4. They may dehisce by pores beneath the stigma, ¢9., 
Poppy (Fig. 79). 7 : 
oe The nut and achene are the two chiet types of 
Indehiscent dry, indeniscent fruits. They are both one- 
ee seeded, but differ in the structure of their wall ; 
thatvof the nut is very hard, that of the achene much less so. 
Indehiscent fruits are usually 
provided with appendages for 
dispersion; these will be de- 
scribed in the next chapter. 
Sanedioat Succulent fruits 
Fruits. are represented by 
the drupe and berry, both inde- 
hiscent. The drupe is a stone 
fruit, like the Plum and Cherry. 
Here, after fertilisation, the wall 
of the ovary gives rise to three Fic. 82.—Vzrtican Szcrion or 
distinct layers: the outer one Cl 
? : : ; ep, outer coat (skin); mes, 
forms the outside thin skin; the succulent. portion ; end, stone 
middle layer gives rise to the — wall; &, seed enclosed in 
: brown testa. 
succulent portion of the fruit, 
whilst the innermost layer forms the hard stone. Within this 
is the seed or kernel. Drupes are generally superior fruits, 
formed from one carpel. 
A berry is something like the drupe 
without the hard stone; the whole of 
the wall of the ovary is soft and 
succulent; this is the main difference 
between the berry and the drupe. 
The berry may be inferior or superior. 
In the Gooseberry it is inferior, and 
. gee Pag ies consists of two carpels, for the seeds 
(GoosEBERRY). come off from two placentas ; it may 
p.p, parietal placenta; be formed from more than two carpels. 
a ae ar Rrra The Horse-chestnut may be considered 
k, seeds enclosed in a succulent capsule; the wall of the 
pan ike ovary becomes succulent, and as the 
truit dehisces, it is of the nature of a capsule. 


