49 = ELEMENTARY BOTANY 
is important to bear in mind this use of the words superior 
and inferior as applied to the gynzcium. 

Fic. 42.—Yerttow Pim- Fie. 438.— Aumonp, Fic, 44.— Cow Par- 
PERNEL, VERTICALNEC- VERTICAL SECTION, SNIP, VERTICAL SEC- 
TION, HypoGynous  PegEricynous Typs. TION, EPiGYNous TYPE. 
TYPE. 
k, calyx; c, corolla; a, androecium ; g, gynecium ; rc, receptacle (in 
Fig, 44 adnate to gynecium); d, disc ; st, styles ; 0, pendulous ovule.. 
Floral The relation of the floral leaves to each other is 
Diagrams. ysually indicated by floral diagrams. These may 
represent the flower as cut transversely, and then the union 
or non-union of the parts is seen; or they may represent a 
median vertical section of the flower, and then the relation 
of the sepals, petals, and stamens to the gynecium is indi- 
cated. 
The simplest form of flower is one in which each whorl has 
the same number of leaves, which alternate successively with 
each other ; this is the case in many Monocotyledons. Such 
flowers are said to be cyclic. The accompanying figure 
represents a typical cyclic flower as shown in transverse 
section. | 
It will be seen: (1) that each whorl consists of three leaves ; 
(2) that the sepals alternate with the petals, the petals ily 
the stamens, the stamens with the carpels. 
