; ee 
16 ELEMENTARY BOTANY 
that have become developed for purposes of protection. 
Each bud has: : 
1. Four outer black scales which overlap, completely 
enclosing 
2. The young leaves covered with down. These may be, 
not only the green foliage leaves, but also those which 
develop into the flower. Generally, one axillary bud de- 
velops into a branch, and the opposite. bud into a flowering 
shoot. 
3. The stem portion, which bears the scales and leaves just 
described. | 
Winter Buds  *Wig of the Horse-chestnut shows even more 
of Horse- plainly than that of the Ash the scar left by the 
chestnut. fallen leaves, and the buds are particularly well 
protected from the winter cold and damp. The outer brown 
scales are covered with resin, so that it is particularly difficult 
, to get them off with- 
out breaking them, 
unless the resin is 
first dissolved in 
methylated spirits. 
Underneath these 
brown scales are 
green covering 
scales; then come 
the young foliage 
leaves so entirely 
Fires, 18 anp 19.—Wintar Bup or Honse. CVered with down 
CHESTNUT. 18, ExTerNaL Vigw. 19. Lonar- that they look quite 
TUDINAL SECTION. white. Within these, 
infl, inflorescence ; fl, foliage leaves; si, 
scar of attachment of last year’s leaves; sc, IW a terminal bud, 
brown covering scales. are the flowers, look- 
ing rather pinker. All these are borne by the short stem of 
the bud. 
Buds of | In a Plane, the buds are found inside the leaf- 
Plane. —_gtalk, for at the base of each winter bud there is 
a little ridge, which extends all round the bud. This is the 

