ORDERS 80 
Calyx (sepals) : 5, free, perigynous. 
Corolla (petals): 5, free, perigynous. 
- Andrecum: stamens numerous, free, pen gy nous 
Gynecium: one carpel, enclosed 
in the receptacle, but not united to 
it, therefore superior ; two ovules. 
This is an example 
of a plant in which the 
gynecium is ripe before the andree- 
cium, and as the flowers are very con- 
spicuous, insects are attracted, and 
cross-pollination usually takes place. _ - es 
In the absence of insect visits self- on Cam. ee 
pollination may occur, the pollenfrom 
the shorter stamens which dehisce later, falling on the stigma. 
The fruit of the Blackthorn, Plum, and Cherry, is a drupe 
_ (Fig. 82). After pollination the receptacle drops off, the wall 
of the ovary becomes differentiated into three layers, which 
give rise respectively to the skin, the succulent portion and 
the hard stone. Within this is the seed or kernel. One of 
the two ovules does not develop. 
Flower. 
Pollination. 

DoG-ROSE. 
The differences between 
this type and the former are : 
1. The number of carpels, which 
are usually numerous, though some- 
times only two or three, seldom 
one. 
2. The receptacle does not drop 
| _  _ . off after pollination, consequently 
ce ee Dia- it forms a part of the fruit; thus 
GRAM OF Rose. in the hip, the red tube containing 
the hard nutlets is the receptacle. The nutlets are formed 
from the carpels, and are of the nature of achenes. 
In other respects the Rose resembles the Blackthorn ; its 
sepals, petals, stamens are perigynous; its stamens are 
numerous and its gyneecium superior. 
Type II. 

