ORDERS 9] 
has taken place in the Composite: the ray florets attract 
insects, the disc florets make pollen and produce fruit. 
Type of In Leopard’s bane (Doronicum), both disc and 
Tubulifiore. ray florets are present. 
Inflorescence : a capitulum. 
Involucre : composed of linear bracts. 
Receptacle : without scales. 
Ray floret: Calyx absent; petals 5, joined, epigynous ; 
stamens absent ; Gynecium (carpels), 2, joined, inferior. 
Dise floret: Calyx, consisting of hairs, forming a pappus. 
Corolla (petals) 5, joined, epigynous; 
Androecium (stamens), 5, syngenesious, 
epipetalous; Gynecium (carpels), 2, 
joined, inferior; Ovary one - celled, 
ovule 1, styles 2 
The Composite are 
particularly well adapted 
by the structure of the flower for : 
insect-pollination. (1) The flowers Frc. 121.—Fiorat Dra- 
are associated together in heads, so | Pies ene 
; ORONICUM. 
that an insect can pollinate many in 
a short time. (2) The honey is secreted by the nectary at 
the base of the style, and collects in the corolla tube, 
gradually rising towards the mouth, so that all insects, 
except very short-lipped ones, can reach it. (3) There is no 
waste of pollen, for the anthers dehisce introrsely. If even 
insects are scarce—and after a long severe winter this may 
be the case—the Composite stand a better chance of being 
visited than almost any other flowers, for their being associated 
together in heads renders them very conspicuous. 
Cross-pollination is insured in some cases by the androcium 
developing before the gynecium, but as a rule the Composite 
can pollinate themselves if cross-pollination does not take 
place. This is well seen in the Dandelion. The style, which 
is covered with hairs on its surface, pushes its way up through 
the tube formed by the union of the anthers, and thus gets 
covered with pollen, for the anthers dehisce introrsely. Then 
Pollination. 

