ORDERS. 95 
violet, or blue, so that insects are attracted ; there are often 
special markings or “path-finders” to direct the insect. 
The anthers dehisce introrsely. The insect, in getting 
the honey from the bottom of the corollatube beneath 
the ovary, gets dusted with pollen, which it deposits on 
the stigma of another flower; thus cross-pollination takes 
place. : 
This Order is closely allied to Labiate, but is easily dis- 
tinguished from it by the regular corolla. The essential 
differences which separate these two Orders are given on 
pe. U8. 
Chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere ; rare in 
Distribution. a tropics. 
SCROPHULARIACE. 
FIGWORT. 
Type. 
_ A herb, with square, upright stem ; leaves 
opposite and decussate—that is, 
one pair of leaves is on two 
sides of the stem, the next pair 
on the other two sides, and so on. 
Inflorescence: axillary cymes ; 
flowers irregular and hypogy- 
nous. — | 
Calyx (sepals): 5, joined, in- 
ferior. 
Corolla (petals): 5, joined, 
hypogynous. | 
Andrecum (stamens): 4, free, 
epipetalous. - The fifth stamen 
is represented by a staminode on 
the posterior side of the flower. 

Gynecum (carpels) : 2, joined, Fic. 122.—LoNGITUDINAL 
superior. Stigma bifid, placenta- SECTION OF FoxXGLoVE. 
tion axile. ( 
Fruit : a capsule with persistent calyx (Plate IV., Fig. 75). 
