FUTURE NEEDS 
If we base future Canada goose management on the assumption that 
the breeding grounds offer unlimited potential for expansion of popvu- 
lations, that management programs in the United States should be 
directed towards maintaining increased population levels, and if we 
plan to apply the harvest quota system to other populations, it is 
imperative that the following action be taken: 
1. Complete delineation of range and population size for the 
Other major groups of Canada geese concerned, as has been done in 
the case of the Mississippi Valley population. In the latter case, 
it is believed that inventory methods used are sufficiently accurate 
for management purposes. This is not true for other major popula- 
tions at this time. 
2. Make a better determination of breeding ground capacities 
and factors influencing annual reproductive success. Further 
delineation and type mapping of potential breeding habitat, as 
currently being done in Ontario by Hanson and Lumsden, will aid 
in evaluating breeding ground capacities. 
3. Additional attention should be given to refinements of 
techniques for obtaining an early index to breeding success prior 
to the establishment of annual hunting regulations. . 
h, Determine maximum size of goose populations that exist- 
ing major wintering refuges and state management areas can support 
without experiencing severe food shortages and related depredations 
problems. 
5. Determine how much additional migration and wintering 
habitat is needed to achieve better distribution of geese and 
harvest, and where such areas are most urgently needed. . 
6. Additional steps must be taken to learn how increased 
populations can be encouraged to use new areas. New approaches 
to experimental releases are desirable. 
7. Intensify banding effort on the more southern wintering 
areas and other fringe flocks to better determine the relation- 
ship to specific harvest areas in the north. 
8. Since the chief factor limiting further expansion of 
most Canada goose populations appears to be hunting mortality, 
refinements in determining annual harvest both stateside and in 
Canada are urgently needed. 
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