Renesting -- Probably will renest if the first nest is destroyed, 
Second broods -=- Several authors state that the female commonly 
nests twice in a season. The very wide seasonal distribution of young 
birds trapped tends to bear this out. 
Diseases and Parasites 
Black and gray francolins in Asia seem to have a normal compliment 
of diseases characteristic of gallinaceous game birds. Program per- 
sonnel, under the tutelage of Drs. Earl Moore and Eric Carver, U. S. 
Technical Cooperative Administration pathologists assigned to India, made 
it a point to thoroughly examine all sick birds received. Program biolo- 
gists were not technically qualified to identify to genera and species, 
many of the parasites observed. Yet our identification of diseases and 
parasites was sufficiently detailed to permit the elimination of most of 
them by proper flock management and/or treatment during the two months 
quarantine period in India. As a result, of 6,033 birds shipped from 
India to the U.S.D.A. Quarantine Station near New York or Honolulu only 
6 died in transit in the winter of 1961-62, 
All of the diseases mentioned below were identified by Program biol- 
ogists or by poultry pathologists in India. Following the shipment of the 
birds to quarantine in Clifton, N.J. or Honolulu, Hawaii, only Newcastle 
disease, fowl pox and a few parasites were reported during the 3-weeks 
quarantine period. 
Diseases 
Protozoan -- Coccidiosis was fairly common in wild black francolins. 
Dr. Moore, who examined some birds for this protozoan, identified no new 
species, 
Histomoniasis or blackhead was observed in these franco- 
lins in only one of the three years covered by the study and then only in 
a few birds. 
Bacterial or virus -- Fowl cholera was identified from several groups 
of birds trapped and penned in 2 of the 4 years in which francolins were 
conditioned in India, Losses from this disease were not heavy. 
Fowl pox is endemic in francolins in Pakistan and India 
though the number of birds infected in the wild appears to be small. It 
was usually easily controlled by the prompt isolation of infected birds 
in captivity. 
Hexamitiasis, or coryza-like infections, were not un- 
common in wild-trapped birds. 
Non-specific enteritis of the intestine was fairly 
common in captivity. 
35 
