or treaded the floor near the female's head rather than mounting. 
Some males behaved normally at first, but later showed aberrant 
behavior, which might have been an expression of low sex drive. 
4. In the female reproductive tract 
a) Normal sequence of events. 
Lorenz (1959) has reviewed the normal sequence of 
events in the female reproductive tract. During natural mating, 
semen is deposited on the everted vagina. During artificial in- 
semination, semen is usually deposited in the vagina, but 
techniques are available for both intra-utero and intra-peritoneal 
insemination. It is believed at present that sperm rely on their 
own motility to pass through the uterovaginal junction, but come 
under the control of some other transport mechanism to reach the 
infundibulum. Yan Drimmelen, according to Lorenz (1959), was 
the first to advance the idea that sperm are stored in “sperm 
nests" in the oviduct, and this has achieved wide acceptance. 
He suggested that release of sperm from the sperm nests would 
rd do as a result of stretching the oviduct during passage of 
the yolk. 
b) Effect of adverse oviducal environment. 
Apparently, Bernier, Taylor, and Gunns (1951) were 
the first to suggest that some cases of infertility might be 
due to adverse conditions in the oviduct. They suggested this 
in reporting their studies of infertile matings in. two inbred 
lines. They stated that it was probable that certain con- 
ditions associated with the females of the inbred lines, pos-~ 
sibly conditions in their oviducts, did not permit the ascen- 
sion of spermatozoa to the infundibulum. Support for this 
hypothesis came from observations on attempted artificial in~ 
semination of a number of completely infertile females; these 
females remained infertile. | 
Polin, Porter, and Cobb (1961) studied the effects on 
reproduction in the domestic fowl of a coccidiostat, glycar- 
bylamide (4,5-imidazoledicarboxamide). They found that both 
fertility and hatchability were severely depressed at high 
concentrations of the drug in the diet, but that at lower con- 
centrations reproduction was normal. There was a complete re- 
covery of normal fertility and hatchability four days after 
removal of the drug from the feed. It could be located in the 
albumen of the egg, the amounts found increasing with increas- 
ing amounts of the substance fed. Although they did not de- 
termine definitely how the coccidiostat was acting to depress 
fertility and hatchability, they suggested the possibility that 
the sperm may be killed by contact with glycarbylamide lining 
the lumen of the magnum of the female, or that the glycarbylamide 
13 
