
Table J (Adapted from Landauer, 1954) 
Typical Symptoms of Chick Embryos Produced by Teratogenic 
Substances Applied during Period of Micromelia Response 
. Facial 
Teratogen Skeleton 
Sulfanilamide Parrot beak 
Eserine Parrot beak 
Insulin Short upper 
or parrot 
beak, rare 
facial 
coloboma 
Short low 
beak, facial 
coloboma, 
cleft 
palate 
Boric acid 
Pilocarpine Depends on 
dose 
Short upper 
and parrot 
beak, short 
lower beak, 
facial colo= 
boma and 
cleft palate 
oe 
Thallium Parrot beak 
Long Bones 
of Leg 
Micromelia, 
bending of 
tibiotarsus 
Micromelia, 
bending of 
tibiotarsus 
Micromelia, 
maximal 
shortness 
and bending 
of tibiotarsus 
Micromelia, 
maximal short» 
ness and bende 
ing of tarso~- 
metatarsus 
Micromelia, 
maximal 
shortness 
and bending 
of tarso- 
metatarsus 
Micromelia, 
bending of 
femur and 
ribiotarsus 
Table 2 (Adapted from Landauer, 1954) 
Toes 
Syndactylism 
Syndactylismn 
Syndactylism 
low incidence 
Syndactylisn, 
shortening of 
lack of toes, 
preferential-~ 
ly the 4th 
Syndactylisn, 
shortening or 
lack of !st 
toe 

Other Defects 
Clubbed down 
Clubbed down 
Microphthalmia, 
buphthalmia, 
coloboma of 
upper lid 
Curled toe 
paralysis 
Clubbed down, 
microphthalmia, 
coloboma of 
upper lid 
Microphthalmia 
Relative Dose and Incidence of Resulting Malformations at 96 Hours 
Abnormalities of Long Bones % 
Beak Defects % 
Insulin (units) 2 
| 5 
Boric acid (mg) 1 
2,5 
35 
Pilocarpine 3 
Hydrochloride 6 
(mg) 12 
16.7 3417 
55.0 4.97 
0.5. 
69.9 
85.3 
0.9 
12.0 
41.8 
39 
2668 3.75 
80.0 4.00 
0 
17.6 
3967 
0.6 
2909 
83.5 
