CONTENTS 
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Abstract........ pete laNCe sat wi clea wnpiea een “Bec Scare, a! we sland erie SL. angie” 4 Spaumoed: yeahs vi 
Sey SIENA CLE eg wre eae nueva ake ox ere was eae pie pe eR ah Sh dias pole cry Mhebeteeeaerae sh 1 
Malierd Lanes plat yrhynCHOe 1s asi be ns oboe Hees a eee cea wink oe 2 
Black Duck (Anas rubripes)......... a See ee ne ee ens dee 5 
Gama ll, Vinee BEERS ei cn 5 capi Bs © che Sh ding S oe wm Sedge Aca at de tae q 
American Widgeon (Mareca americana)........ AUG Fahey. eR Aa en Bo 10 
Green-winged Teal (Anas carolinensis)........ eeciss ch ees ata sae ee 12 
Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors).........ceceeecoeees Bees aah a tabs 14 
Shoveler (Spatula clypeata)..... Bt Aes tt ak ere ee eee eee 17 
Pintail (Anas acuta)............ BAe Fee phe ahead ee te SI Lukin 20 
Wood Duck (Aix sponSa)...........05.- ee Spend Tes ay, Ah Rate au, Sunes 23 
Separation of Redheads and CanvasbacksS......... ccc cee eee eens 26 
Redhead (Aythya americana)............-+2- si dnc Soe errh Maden EAU atog: 27 
Canvasback (Aythya valisineria)...........2.2--05- ahs Siento Smeg 29 
Sregtver Scaup Giythva mari lads ons. wees 255 oe ber ete sd eee oe ee mee 31 
Lesser Scaup CApthys effin sd, 2. nk bs 4k Gaited Orme R EA seers 2 34 
Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris).. 1.0... ccc cee eee eee ees 36 
Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)............ ccc eee caeeeees 38 
Bitilehead (Bucephnla pl beolad ces ccs a ee ene see tw eee eee 39 
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)............. ear ee eercene i MD 
White-winged Scoter (Melanitta deglandi).............20.eeeeees 42 
Separation of Oldsquaws, Surf, and American Scoters............ 43 
American Scoters (Oidemia nigra).....-..6ccceeeccensccccuseenes 44 
Oldsquaw (Claneulia byema lis}... sic s cece eckeen nw de wes whey et BS ee ete 44 
Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata)........... 2... eee e ee eees 45 
Eider Gortateria mollisstmad. 6.4. css oe en os ee le eee ee ew Co es 45 
Separation of American and Red-breasted Mergansers............. 46 
American Merganser (Mergus merganSer)..........eeceeeereeeceees 46 
Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus Geet Ss BOE og bale Betice ls civ dates BORE 46 
Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)..........+.-08: ee ee Oe 47 
Brant (Branta bernicla & B. nigricans).........c cece ee ee eeeeees 47 
PLATES (Drawings by Alfred J. Godin) 
1. Typical Dabpling Duek wale. . 2.6 6d fe eee AS oo siete we ele 4 Vv 
2. Procedure for meaSuring WiNgS......... 22 eee cece newer eneees vi 
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