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Plate 2. PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING WINGS: 
Place the heel of one hand over the end of measuring board and grasp 
wing in the area of the radius and ulna. Pull wing until the wooden block 
seats itself tightly into the notch at the bend of the wing. Using the 
other hand flatten the leading edge of the wing against the ruler and note 
the length of the wing to the longest primary. 
NOTE: If primary quills are not completely grown the measurement is not 
valid. 
