KEY TO GADWALL WINGS (continued) 
5. posthumerals: 
(a) Dull gray brown, broadly rounded tips that are 
usually tipped with light brown, unfrayed -------. Adult Female 
(b) Dull gray brown, narrowly rounded tips that 
are usually plain but often much frayed ---------- Immature 6 
6. Middle Coverts: 

(a) One or more rows heavily washed with chestnut ---- Immature Male 
(b) Chestnut wash absent or restricted to traces 
at edges of coverts -------n een e neem ne nese en nnn- 7 
7. Middle Coverts: (pattern) 
(a) Black coverts usually confined to area anterior 
to white in speculum, mostly unbarred, or with 
single flat, U-shaped or tent-shaped bars ~------- Immature Female 
"Unbarred" "Flat" "U-shaped" "Tent-shaped" 
usoaldy 
(7) WIDE A 
2 mm, o 
Wing usual 

r 
$ 
(b) Black coverts often extend over area anterior 
to all secondaries, barred with arcs, gull- 
wing, double-bar, arc and flecking or unbarred 
but heavily flecked ---------+--------------------- Immature Male 
"Arc" "oull-wing" are and fleck" 
VsvAlLy - 
NARROW ) \ 
t; | at 
fs 
Wing usually 260mm. or longer 
J 
> oP 
Ls 


