KEY TO AMERICAN WIDGEON 
Middle Coverts: 
(a) All entirely white except phase over tertials ---- Adult Male 
(b) Some or all other than white --------------------- 2 
Scapulars: 
(a) Some vermiculated --------------+------------------ Immature Male 
(b) All barred, or absent -+-------+--+---------+----- 3 
Middle Coverts: (continued) 
(a) Most dirty white to gray, lighter at centers, 
or some entirely white, unedged or very 
indistinctly edged white or gray ----------------- Immature Male 
(b) Most grayish or brownish, more or less con- 
spicuously edged with light gray or white -------- 4 
Tertials or tertial coverts: 
(a) Frayed and/or faded ------------------------------ 5 
(b) Not frayed or faded ------------------------------ 6 
Either of the following: 
(a) Bases of outer webs of greater coverts white, most 
posterior row of middle coverts with light gray 
centers but indistinctly edged near the "wrist" -- Immature Male 
(b) Bases of outer webs of greater coverts gray or 
"dirty white", most posterior row of middle 
coverts with dark or with brownish centers, 
or distinctly edged near "wrist" ----------------- Immature Female 
Either of the following: 
(a) Middle coverts edged with "dirty white", have 
dark centers or brownish centers. Greater coverts 
bases of outer webs "dirty white" or gray -------- Immature Female 
(b) Middle coverts edged with white, centers light with 
brownish bars. Greater coverts bares of outer webs 
"dirty white" or gray ---------------------------- Adult Female 
