LESSER SCAUP (continued) 
1(b) All of the following: the scapulars are more black 
than white. Tertials are plain or have traces of 
flecking at the tips. Greater coverts are unflecked - 2 
2. Middle Coverts: 
(a) Flecked to vermiculated -----------------+------------- 3 
(b) 
Plain --- 2-222 nen nn ne en nr erence en eneseseee Female 
3. Middle Coverts: (figure 1) 
(a) 
(b) 

Individual coverts may be completely flecked or 
vermiculated or, flecks are large but recessed 
1/8" from covert's edge -------------- n-ne nnn nee ne- Male 
Individual coverts are flecked, generally with 
small flecks, well distributed but concentrated 
near the covert's edge --------------- ence een een Female 
figure 1 

Age Determination of Males 
1. Upper Wing: 
(a) 
(b) 
All of the following: tertials are smooth or lightly 
frayed to a rounded tip. Greater coverts are flecked 
and broadly rounded, particularly over the tertials. 
Middle coverts are vermiculated to lightly flecked 
with flecking distributed evenly on individual coverts - Adult 
All of the following: tertials are frayed to a 
pointed tip and may be either flecked or plain. 
Over the tertials, greater coverts are narrow, 
frayed towards a point and usually unflecked. 
Middle coverts are vermiculated to lightly flecked. 
Flecking is often recessed 1/8" from edges of 
individual coverts ------------<-4---2----2----+-------+-- Immature 
