a 

KEY TO AMERICAN SCOTER WINGS 
Wing: 
(a) Shiny black, 10th primary attenuated ---------------- Adult Male 
(b) blackish gray, 10th primary tapering 
but smaller than 9th primary -----------------------+- 2 
All of the following: 
(a) Tertials black, unfrayed with unfaded 
tips; greater tertial coverts broadly 
rounded unfaded at tips; middle coverts 
broad and rounded --~--------------------------------- Adult Female 
(b) Tertials blackish gray, frayed and faded at tips; 
greater greater tertial coverts narrow, faded and frayed 
at tips; middle coverts narrow and trapezoidal ------ Immatures 
KEY TO OLDSQUAW WINGS 
Wing Color: 
(a) All upper wing coverts shiny black; tertials 
and secondaries rufus -------<-<<--<---+-+--+--------- Adult Male 
(b) Upper wing coverts blackish brown with faded 
tips, or pale brown with dark bases; tertials 
and secondaries gray to rufus --------+---<-----¢--%--- 2 
Upper Wing: 
(a) Middle coverts pale brown with dark bases; 
tertials unfrayed and rufus} secondaries 
rufus; greater coverts rounded and unfrayed --------- Adult Female 
(b) Middle coverts blackish brown to gray brown; tertials 
rufus but much frayed and faded; greater coverts 
narrow and faded ----~---------- ener ner ne nner enn Immatures 
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