KEY TO SURF SCOTER WINGS 
1. Upper Wing: 
(a) Shiny black with no fading or fraying of 
tertials or greater tertial covertsS ----------enn---- Adult Males 
(b) Dark gray black either without frayed and faded 
tertials and greater tertial coverts, or tertials 
and tertial coverts that are frayed to pale gray ---- 2 
2. Upper Wing (continued): 
(a) Middle coverts dark gray black; greater tertial 
coverts rounded and unfrayed; tertials black 
with rounded unfaded tips ----------------<2---------- Adult Females 
(b) Middle coverts dark gray black; greater tertial 
coverts narrow and frayed to pale gray at tips; 
tertials dark gray black rounded frayed tips 
faded to pale gray ------- errr rer rn nnn nn ne nner enne- Immatures 
KEY TO EIDER WINGS 
1. Upper Wing: 
(a) Tertials, middle and lesser coverts entirely 
white; secondaries entirely black ------------------- Adult Males 
(b) Tertials, middle and lesser coverts brownish 
or blackishs secondaries brownish or blackish ------- 2 
2. Upper Wing (continued): 
(a) Tertials dull black, edged with rufus; 
secondaries tipped with white; greater tertial 
coverts black, rounded and broadly edged with 
rufus; middle coverts round and broadly edged 
with rufus ----------------------~-----------~-.--.-- Adult Female 
(b) Tertials dull black with faded tips; 
secondaries faded to pale gray at tips; greater 
tertial coverts black, narrow and frayed at tips; 
middle coverts black, narrow and trapezoidal, 
edged or plain ---------------~-----------------.~.---- immatures 
