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POLLINATION 9 51 
the flowers come out before the leaves ; the anthers are golden 
yellow, so that the staminate flowers are very conspicuous in 
the hedges in early spring; whilst the pistillate flowers, owing 
to their nectaries, attract by their odour. In the Hazel cross- 
pollination is effected not by insects, but by the wind. The 
staminate and pistillate flowers are on the same tree (Plate III, 
Fig. 58). The staminate catkins hang down and produce 
quantities of pollen. The pistillate flowers occupy for the 
most part the position of axillary buds, and are distinguished 
from leaf buds by the protruding stigmas; they receive the 
pollen which is blown by the wind from the overhanging 
catkin. | 
(b) In some flowers, the andrcecium matures before the 
gynecium, in others the gynecium ripens first ; in this way 
cross-pollination is insured. In many of the Compositee—in 
Campions, in some Geraniums—the stamens are developed 
whilst the stigmas are still immature. The Figwort is an 
. example of a flower in which the stigma becomes ripe betore the 

Fias. 59 to 61.—FIGWORT IN DIFFERENT STAGES. 
59.—F LOWER WITH StTiGMA PROTRUDING. 60.—LONGITUDINAL SECTION 
OF SAME FLOWER, SHOWING STAMENS CURLED UP IN COROLLA. 
61.—LONGITUDINAL SECTION oF LATER STAGE, SHOWING WITHERED 
STYLE AND STAMENS PROTRUDING. 
pollen is formed. If two or three inflorescences of the Figwort 
are examined, some flowers will be seen with the stigmas spread 
out at the mouth of the corolla ready to receive the pollen 
(Fig. 59), whilst the anthers of these flowers will be found 
curled up at the bottom of the corolla-tube (Fig. 60). Other 
flowers in a later stage of development will have the anthers 
