FRUITS | 68 
4, They may dehisce by pores beneath the stigma, «., 
Poppy (Fig. 79). 
Dry The nut and achene are the two chief types of 
Indehiscent dry, indeniscent fruits. They are both one- 
ey seeded, but differ in the structure of their wall ; 
that of the nut is very hard, that of the achene much less so. 
Indehiscent. fruits are usually 7 
provided with appendages for 
dispersion; these will be de- 
scribed in the next chapter. 
auocuiont Succulent fruits 
Fruits. are represented by 
the drupe and berry, both inde- 
hiscent. The drupe is a stone 
fruit, like the Plum and Cherry. 
Here, after fertilisation, the wall 
of the ovary gives‘rise to three Fie. 82.—Vertican SECTION OF 
distinct layers: the outer one Pe Ey) 
: ep, outer coat (skin); mes, 
forms the outside thin skin; the succulent portion ; end, stone 
middle layer gives rise to ‘the es k, seed enclosed in 
2 rown testa. 
succulent portion of the fruit, : 
whilst the innermost layer forms the hard stone. Within this 
is the seed or kernel. Drupes are generally superior fruits, 
formed from one carpel. 
A berry is something like the drupe 
without the hard stone; the whole of 
the wall of the ovary is soft and 
succulent; this is the main difference 
between the berry and the drupe. 
The berry may be inferior or superior. 
In the Gooseberry it is inferior, and 
consists of two carpels, for the seeds 


Fic, 83. — TRANSVERSE 
SECTION OF BERRY : 
(GoosEBERRY). come off from two placentas ; it may 
D-P; papel eee ; be formed from more than two carpels. 
ep, outer coat (skin); . 
Wes oe The Horse-chestnut may be considered 
k, seeds enclosed in a succulent capsule; the wall of the 
brown testa. 
2 ovary becomes succulent, and as the 
fruit dehisces, it is of the nature of a capsule. 
