ORDERS 89 
which plays the part of a calyx to the whole flower-head, 
protecting the bud and the young fruit. The inflorescence is 
a capitulum, or head ; the flowers are often small, and are 
therefore called florets. 
Type of In some of the Composite these florets are 
Ligulate. all like each other. Thus in the dandelion, each 
floret consists of hair-like sepals; of a corolla of five petals 
indicated by the teeth at the apex of the corolla; of five 
stamens joined by their anthers, and eee -ceemcce 
therefore described as syngenesious 
(Gk. syn = together, with; genesis = 
growth, origin); and of an inferior 
eynecium, of two carpels forming an 
unicellular ovary, containing one ovule. 
The style passes through the tube 
formed by the anthers and then 
divides, so that there are two stigmatic 
surfaces. ‘The flower is epigynous. 
Plants which have capitula bearing 
only one kind of florets belong to the 
division of the Composite, called Ligu- 
late, from the strap-shaped corolla. 
Dandelions, Hawkweeds, Hawkbits,are = 
— the chief representatives of this group, ¥1¢._117.—Frorzr or 
DANDELION, 
Many of the Composite, however, gv, ovary; p, pappus, 
have inflorescences bearing two sets of — tepresenting calyx; ¢, 
: corolla ; f, filaments of 
florets ; the inner ones are known as stamens ; a, anthers; 
the disc florets, the outer as the ray —_—- stigmas. 
florets. The corollas of these latter are often strap-shaped, 
whilst the disc florets are usually tubular. 
Those Composite which have some or all the florets tubular 
belong to the division Tubuliflore, to distinguish them from 
those genera in which all the florets are ligulate. In some of 
the Tubuliflore the ray florets are absent, as in Groundsel. 
Very often the ray florets have no stamens, as in the Daisy 
(Bellis perennis), Coltstoot, Yarrow, Cornflower, and in these 
instances the corollas are specially developed to attract 
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