ORDERS 95 
violet, or blue, so that insects are attracted; there are often 
special markings or “path-finders” to direct the insect. 
The anthers dehisce introrsely. The insect, in getting 
the honey from the bottom of the corolla-tube beneath 
the ovary, gets dusted with pollen, which it deposits on 
the stigma of another flower; thus cross-pollination takes 
place. | 
This Order is closely allied to Labiate, but is easily dis- 
tinguished from it by the regular corolla. The essential 
differences which separate these two Orders are given on 
p08. 
Chiefly in the Northern Hemisphere ; rare in 
Distribution. te tropics. 
SCROPHULARIACEA. 
FIGWORT. | 
Type. | 
A herb, with square, upright stem; leaves 
opposite and decussate—that. is, 
one pair of leaves is on two 
sides of the stem, the next pair 
on the other two sides, and so on. 
Inflorescence: axillary cymes ; 
flowers irregular and hypogy- 
nous. 
Calyx (sepals): 5, joined, in- 
ferior. 
Corolla (petals): 5, joined, 
hypogynous. 
Andrecum (stamens): 4, free, 
epipetalous. The fifth stamen 
is represented by a staminode on 
the posterior side of the flower. 

Gynecuum (carpels) : 2, joined, Fic. 122.—LonGITuDINAL | 
superior. Stigma bifid, placenta- SECTION OF VoxGLovE. 
tion axile. 2 
Fruit: a capsule with persistent calyx (Plate IV., Fig. 75). 
