
Reproductive Capacity 
The reproductive capacity of kalij pheasants while lower 
than the ringneck is slightly higher than that of the red junglefowl 
as will be seen from the following analysis. 
Breeding age ~- Kalij breed the first year following hatching. 
Number_of eggs -- Normally 6 to 9 with a maximum of 14 for 
the white-crested kalij; the black-breasted kalij lays slightly fewer 
eges. 
Brood survival -- Probably good. 

Life span -- In captivity up to 8 years. 
sex ratio -- Unknown, 
Renesting -- Will renest if the first clutch is destroyed 
before hatching. 
second broods -- Probably rare. Hume (8), referring to the 
black-breasted kalij, assumes that some of these birds must have two . 
broods a year since he has found eggs in every month of the year from 
February to October. 
Diseases and Parasites 
Little is known of diseases and parasites among wild kalij 
nor was there much chance in the current program for study. All birds 
sent to the United States to date under the program were hand-reared, 
either from wild eggs or very young chicks. As with all other pheasants 
captured alive in India, trappers and game dealers frequently report 
losses from disease usually acquired through contact with domestic 
fowls. Of these, only Newcastle disease has been positively identified 
though it is almost certain that Kalij in captivity are also subject to 
many ailments common to poultry. 
Analysis of Competing Interests 
Relation to Agriculture 
Damage to agricultural or forest crops from kalij is practicaly 
unknown. They seldom spend much time in cultivated fields, seldom 
38 
