BUDS ve 
remains of the leaf-stalk, which has grown ay round the bud, 
completely enclosing it. | 
In the summer, when the leaf is still on the tree, the way 
in which it protects the bud is best seen. The leaf-stalk has 
grown out all round the bud, and has become hollowed out 
to form a little cap, which exactly fits over the bud. In the 
autumn, when the leaf falls, the bud is exposed, and then 
scales protect it. 

Fies. 20 anp 21.—-Bups oF PLANE. 
20. Winter Bup. 21. SuMMER Bup, Prorectep By LEAr-STALK. 
There are many other ways in which buds are protected, 
as Lord Avebury has described in his “ Buds and Stipules.” 
The buds of some young hardy shrubs and trees are not 
protected by specially developed scales ; in this case they are 
often very minute, and may lie hidden under the bark. 
Abnormal Under certain circumstances, buds are neither 
Buds. apical nor axillary, but they arise from any part 
of the stem, or even from leaves. Thus, in trees which have 
been pollarded, buds may arise from the sides of the trunk ; 
