THE FLOWER AD 
Let K represent calyx, 
eG, r corolla, 
oon androecium, 
SG a gynecium. 
Then the floral formula of the violet is K5 C5 A5G@. The 
figures denote the number of floral leaves forming each whorl ; 
if joined, these are put in brackets. If the gynecium is 
superior, the number of carpels forming it is placed above the 
line drawn horizontally ; if inferior, below the line. 
The floral formula of primrose is K(5) (5) A(5)G@. This 
formula shows at a glance that in the primrose the floral leaves 
are all joined, that the number of leaves in each sa a is five, 
and that the gyneecium is superior. 
The floral formula of snowdrop is P3 + 3A3 + Se P 
represents perianth, which is composed of six leaves, arranged 
in two whorls, therefore written 3+3 instead of 6. 
