64 ELEMENTARY BOTANY 
CLASSIFICATION OF SIMPLE FRUITS. 


| 
Dry sees 
| 
| | | l 
Dehiscent ue ee Indehiscent 
1. Formed ae | Legume 1. Achene Capsule, ¢.g., 1. Drupe 
1 carpel Follicle Horse-chestnut 
2. Formed from ({ Siliqua 2. Not 2.: Berry 
2 carpels / Silicula 
3. Formed from ) 
2 or more; Capsule 
carpels j 
Many succulent fruits are formed not only from the 
gynecium, but from the receptacle. The Apple and Pear are 
good instances of this. 
A transverse section of 
an apple shows five 
chambers in the centre, 
each containing one or 
two seeds. Each of 
these chambers is an 
ovary, formed by the 
union of the two 
margins of a carpel, so 
that practically the 
centre of the apple 
shows five achenes, 
The succulent —_ por- 
tion forming the greater part of the apple is the receptacle, 
which, after fertilisation, becomes thus enormously de- 
veloped. | 
Similarly, in the Strawberry, the receptacle forms almost the 
whole fruit, the achenes being very minute. 
In the Geraniacee and Umbellifere the carpels separate 
from each other, each containing one seed. The fruit is 
therefore known as a schizocarp (Gk. schizo = to split). The 
prolongation of the receptacle bearing the carpels, called the 
carpophore, persists after the carpels have dropped off 
(Plate V., Figs. 86, 87). 

Fic, 84.—TRANSVERSE SECTION OF APPLE. 
rc, receptacle ; c, carpels ; /, seeds (pips) 
enclosed in brown testa. 
