Agricultural and Giold Sead 
Grimm Alfalfa. 15 pounds per acre. The most 
important member of the variegated group in 
the United States. Introduced from Germany 
by Wendelin Grimm. 
A very winter hardy, long-lived variety. The 
tap root shows a tendency to branch and the 
crowns are low set and spreading. These char- 
acteristics contribute much toward its ability 
to resist extreme cold, alternate freezing, thaw- 
ing and heaving. Succeeds in most types of soil 
except those heavily charged with alkali, will 
not grow in waterlogged soil. 
Cossack Alfalfa. 15 pounds per acre. An in- 
troduction fro Russia and a hybrid between 
common and yellow-flowered Alfalfas. 
Growth is generally upright with stems de- 
dium size, plants are very leafy and fairly large 
leaves. Flowers are variegated ranging from 
white and yellow to dark purple. 
Rooting system is large with heavy deep 
penetrating tap root being the rule. A very 
winter hardy variety adapted for growing under 
practically the same conditions as Grimm 
Alfalfa. 
Common Alfalfa. These are various strains of 
common Alfalfa distinguished by the name of 
the state in which grown, such as Idaho, Ore- 
gon, Northern California, etc. Common Alfalfa 
from above named sections is adapted to Ore- 
gon and Washington climatic conditions. Com- 
mon Alfalfa differs from the Grimm Alfalfa 
mainly in the root system. The tap root in 
common does not show the tendency to branch 
and the crowns are not as spreading. 
Ladak Alfalfa. An introduction from North- 
ern India. 
The growth in general is quite upright with 
stems medium size, plants are very leafy, me- 
dium size leaves. Flowers are variegated, rang- 
ing from whitish and yellow to very dark 
purple. 
The rooting system is extensive, with most 
plants being tap rooted. 
One of its outstanding characteristics is its 
ability to produce a heavy first crop. It is some- 
times referred to as one-cut Alfalfa, mainly for 
the reason, that under certain conditions its 
comeback is rather slow. It is very well adapted 
to conditions where only one crop of forage can 
be secured a year because of lack of moisture 
and short growing season. 
It is extremely winter hardy, and long-lived 
and is much more resistant to bacterial wilt 
than Grimm, Common and other varieties 
closely related to these. 
Alsike Clover (Trifolium MHybridum). 12 
pounds per acre. A long-lived Perennial, adapt- 
ed to a wider range of both climatic and soil 
conditions than Red Clover. Thrives well on 
clay, clay loams, study loams and muck soils 
providing abundant moisture is available. Well 
survive where soil is waterlogged, making it 
well adapted to growing under irrigation .An 
excellent pasture plant and when sown for hay 
is usually mixed with Red Clover, Timothy or 
Red Top. 
Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense). 15 pounds 
per acre. Usually classed as a short-lived per- 
ennial and is considered the most important of 
all leguminous forage crops. Requires a well 
drained soil, does better in clay soils than in 
loams and better in loams than in sandy soils. 
Is especially intolerant to waterlogged soils. 
White Dutch Clover (Trifolium Repens). 8 
pounds per acre. A long-lived but shallow- 
rooted perennial. The stems creep on the sur- 
face of the ground and root abundantly. On 
this account the growing point is seldom in- 
ured by mowing or grazing. Grows in practi- 
cally all types of soil provided moisture is 
abundant, thriving best in loams and clay 
soils. White Clover is considered to be one of 
the most important pasture plants, generally 
used in pisture mixtures and is also used to a 
large extent in lawn grass mixtures. 
Ladino Clover (Trifolium Repens latum). 5 
pounds per acre. Also known as Giant White 
Clover, growing about twice the size of White 
Dutch Clover. It is a Perennial of medium long 
life, having a short tap root. The surface stems 
lie flat on the ground and commonly produce 
fibrous roots at the joints. Ladino Clover 
usually makes a growth of 8 to 12 inches in 
height. Can be grown on rather shallow soils 
where well supplied with lime, phosphate, 
humus and moisture. Ladino is not a deep- 
rooted plant and thrives best on medium heavy 
type soils where there is constant but not exces- 
sive moisture. This is primarily a pasture plant 
and may be sown alone or with a combination 
of other grasses. 
Mammoth Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense 
Perenne). 15 pounds per acre. A large variety 
of red clover more decidedly Perennial than 
common Red Clover requiring the same cli- 
matic and soil conditions, The stems are long, 
coarse and generally spreading. Mammoth red 
blooms about 10 days later than common red 
and grows more slowly after.mowing. Its coarse 
growth makes the hay less relished by stock, 
however its heavy growth makes it an excellent 
soiling crop. 
White Sweet or Bokhara Clover (Melilotus 
Alba). 20 pounds per acre. A Biennial having 
a strong tap root, produces numerous leafy 
stems, growing from 4 to 6 feet in height when 
firmly established. Grows readily on practi- 
cally all types of soils. Endures poorly drained 
soils better than Alsike, used mainly as a pas- 
ture plant and for green manure. 
Crimson Clover (Trifolium Incarnatium). 15 
pounds per acre. An annual plant having a 
strong tap root, shows no very marked soil 
preferences, succeeding on both sandy and 
clayey soils as long as they are well drained. 
From the crown of the root numerous upright 
tsems develop which reach an average height 
of one or two feet. Has a high nutritive value 
anc can be used for either hay or pasture, valu- 
able for soiling purposes in short rotations, as 
the green matter produced is heavy, and the 
roots penetrate deep into the ground. 
Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus Officinalis). 
20 pounds per acre. A biennial having the same 
habits of growth as the White Sweet, requiring 
the same soil and climatic conditions. Stems 
are less leafy and smaller in size. The plant 
does not grow quite as tall and is about two 
weeks earlier. 
Yellow Sweet Clover Annual (Melilotus 
Indica). 20 pounds per acre. Known as Yellow 
Blossom sour clover. Not recommended for 
forage or hay, used most entirely for cover 
crop. Soil requirements same as other sweet 
clovers. 
Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterra- 
nean). 12 to 15 pounds per acre. The name of 
this clover is derived from its habit of pushing 
the seed head into the soil sometimes to a depth 
of two inches, where the seeds mature and 
germinate when favorable conditions develop. 
Subterranean Clover is an annual that starts 
growth in the fall or late winter. 
The stems are prostrate, assuming the form 
[14] 
of runners. The leaf is similar to that of other 
clovers. The flower heads usually bear three 
small white to pinkish white flowers in a clus- 
ter at the tip of the stalk. A single seed de- 
velops from each flower. The mature seed is 
dark purple, about double the size of a crimson 
clover seed. 
Under Pacific Northwest conditions this 
clover probably requires for survival, at least 
20 inches of rainfall during the fall, winter and 
spring, and the temperatures remaining above 
10 degrees Fahrenheit. The plant does not ap- 
pear to be tolerant of poor drainage. It will 
thrive on soils that are quite acid. 
This plant starts growth much earlier in the 
spring than other legumes. 
Brome Grass (Bromus Inermis). 20 pounds 
per acre. A long-lived Perennial with a creep- 
ing root-stock. These are much branched, roots 
at the joints and produces numerous upright 
stems. The stems are rather stout from 1 to 4 
feet high, and carry many spreading, broad 
smooth leaves carying from light to dark green. 
The upright stems produced are scattered, 
therefore, the plants are not tufted but form 
loose mats. Brome Grass is adapted to regions 
of rather low rainfall, endures winter cold re- 
markably well and no other cultivated Peren- 
nial grass has shown a higher degree of drouth 
resistance. refers rich loams and clay loams 
and has succeeded well in sandy soils. 
Buckwheat. 25 pounds per acre. An erect 
growing Annual which under ordinary condi- 
tions attains a height of about 3 feet. Is not 
exacting as to soils. The rather light, well 
drained sandy loams seem best suited, how- 
ever, good crops are produced on infertile, 
poorly tiled land. 
Buckwheat is very sensitive to frost, how- 
ever, the crop may be grown far toward the 
north. This is due to the short growing season 
of the plant amounting from 10 to 12 weeks. 
Japanese and Silverhull are the most commonly 
grown in the United States. 
Cheat or Chess (Bromus Secalinus). A smooth 
annual grass from 1 to 3 feet tall with flat 
blades and open drooping panicles, sometimes 
grown as an annual hay crop, and should be 
cut when the seed is in the daugh stage. Adapt- 
ed to the same soil conditions as wheat. The 
plants are similar to those of wheat and for- 
merly the idea was held that cheat was a de- 
generative or changed form of wheat whence its 
name. 
Crested Wheat Grass (Agropyron Crista- 
tum). 15 pounds per acre. A hardy drouth-re- 
sistant Perennial bunch grass having an exten- 
sive root system, especially adapted to regions 
where the temperatures are severe and the 
moisture supply is limited. The plants have a 
dense, dark green foliage during the early part 
of the season, after seeding the plants appear 
less leafy but the stems are fine and when har- 
vested early makes hay of excellent quality, 
does well on practically all soils ranging from 
light sandy loam to heavy clay. 
Dwarf Essex Rape. 8 pounds per acre. There 
are several varieties of rape, however, Dwarf 
Essex is considered to be the best ,in fact is 
the only one used for pasture and forage crop 
purposes. Rape is termed as a cool weather 
plant, therefore is adapted to our cool moist 
climate here in the Northwest and is not very 
exacting as to soil requirements. 
Lespedeza. 15 pounds per acre. Classed as a 
summer annual, however, in sections where 
adapted will usually reseed itself and will thus 
occupy the land for two or more years. The 
plants are usually much branched, stems wiry, 
bearing numerous small leaves, under favorable 
