+3 
36 KAURI ‘‘ GUM. 
- year per tree tapped. This tree, in 1ts wetter areas, 
we eee citote as that of Waipoua. They have there adopted 
the French system of tapping, modified to suit local Papuan ae 
From a comparative small belt of pine forest along the A western 
Himalayas French-trained forest officers have worked up an industry pro- 
ducing near 3,000 tons yearly of resin, and employment to over 2,500 
workers. The net value of the resin is about a twenty-fourth that of 
ne ie Gated (p. 45, ‘‘ Work of the Forest Department in India *’) that 
the Indian Forest Department is laying plans to capture the Australian 
and New Zealand markets, and till the days of better forestry in these 
countries no one can grudge the Indian Forest Department its success. 
America,—In America (whence comes most of the ‘sadly large import 
of resin to New Zealand) the tree that yields most of the resin is the Long- 
leaf Pine of the Gulf States. This Long-leaf Pine forest is in a very wet, 
warm climate almost exactly that of Waipoua; and this tree, being 
slower-growing than Kauri, could be introduced into Kauri forests 
without danger to the Kauri, American resin-tapping has not much 
interest from a forest point of view; its methods are primitive, and it 
generally ends by destroying the forest. Details will be found in the 
American Forest Service Bulletins. 
As in France, there are large areas, especially in Florida, where 
resin-tapping is the most valuable industry. The Long-leaf Pine (Pinus 
palustris) is the best of the pitch-pines, and one of the strongest, least 
perishable, and generally useful of all pine timbers. The practice is to 
tap the pines for three or four years before felling. Say F. Moon, Pro- 
fessor of Forest Engineering in the New York State College of Forestry, 
and N. Brown, Professor of Forest Utilization, ‘‘ Tapping for turpentine 
does not injure the quality of the wood for lumber or other wood uses.”’ 
The quick-growing Cuban-pine (Pinus heteraphylla), yielding over 
£2 per acre per year for resin, can be tapped for twenty-five to forty 
years without appreciably lessening the value of the tree. (‘‘ Journal of 
Forestry,’’ Washington, March, 1917.) 
Canary Islands.—Resin-tapping was started on the Canary-pine when 
I was in Tenerife a few years ago. Here it was being as badly done as 
the early Government Kauri gum-bleeding at Auckland, which led to 
so much trouble afterwards. | 
_ Ansignis-pine Resin.—The Insignis-pine vields a fragrant resin, and, 
judging by a tree I saw barked at Dargaville, seems to stand the severest 
form of tapping. The resin has been extracted experimentally in South 
Africa. When Insignis-pine comes to be largely planted in New Zealand 
its systematic tapping may develop into an industry. 
THEORY AND PRAcTICE oF “ GUM-BLEEDING,.”’ 
It seems plain to me that the value of the “‘ tree gum ’’ in the Waipoua 
es Forest May go a long way towards the whole cost of organizing 
the forest, even if the resin-tapping were only confined to tapping the 
ey marked for felling. If a Kauri “ gum ’’ climber can earn up to 
aN of roe 5 week, this is practical proof of the value of the “‘ tree cum.” 
Ta objected that labour in New Zealand is double the price of 
abour in France. To this there is the answer that Kauri timber and 
aurl ““gum’’ are two or th . 4 
= f ree times the value 1e resi imber 
of Marit eave: e of the resin and t 
