OUTLINE OF GENERAL ‘‘ WORKING-PLAN.’’ 77 
girth, or 4in, diameter, per 20 ft. may be considered the recognized 
taper for trees having the form of Kauri ‘‘ rickers.’? With a mean 
taper of 9in. girth per 20 ft. the normal ‘‘ Kauri tree of the future,’’ 
24 in. diameter under bark and 60 ft. bole, would cube 108 e. ft. ross. 
The same tree, taken without taper, would cube 188 c. ft. Thus one 
aa: 0 
may say that the mean taper allowance for Kauri is a3 = 0°57 per 
cent. of a tree without taper (the ‘“‘ ideal cylinder’’ of European 
forestry) : 57 would be called the ‘‘ form-factor ’’ in forestry. 
From this taper of 57 per cent, there are, in Kauri, all variations 
up to 90, 95, or even 100 per cent. for the old Kauri trees with prac- 
tically cylindrical stems. The cubing of the historical record big Kauri 
tree of New Zealand in the Tutamoe Forest, near Waipoua, is described 
above (p. 42). 
For trees in the ‘‘ mixed forest ’’ ordinary form-factors would run 
from about 55 to 65. In South Africa, as a liberal allowance to pur- 
chasers, and an allowance to include minor defects, there is a general 
all-round form-factor of 50. 
‘ 
Limber Units of Measurement.—From the above it will be seen that 
the forester’s cubic foot of timber is equal to 12 of the miller’s super. or 
board feet. But when it comes to comparing cubic feet in the log witn 
superficial feet off the saw, 1 cubic foot is the equivalent of from 10 
to 3 or 4 superficial feet, according to the waste in working: thus J ¢. ft. 
in the log according to circumstances will equal— 
With Kauri, quarter-girth measurement, little taper, Sup. ft. 
and rarely unsound, if well sawn = Ase AD 
Average on squared logs, British sawmills, with 25 per 
cent. waste... a uy +s Pica tet 
Official average, United States of America, from log 
measurements in the forest to sawn output Lan 6 
In Australia, even after allowing for all apparent 
hollowness ... oat cb ia 6 to 4 
The American ‘‘ board foot ’’ is the same as the Australasian super- 
ficial foot, but the ordinary American unit is 1,000 board feet instead of 
100 superficial feet. 
A conyenient New Zealand unit is the “‘ mil-sup.’’ = a million super- 
ficial feet. 
It is useful to remember that the price per 100 sup. ft. = 84 times 
the price per cubic foot. Thus, as a matter of buying and selling 
timber irrespective of what can be sawn out of it, the price, 8s. 4d. 
per 100 sup. ft. = Is. perc. ft. 
CoNnFUSION or TERMS IN AUSTRALIA. 
Popular writers on forestry frequently use the term “ afforestation ”’ 
and ‘“* reafforestation ’’ when they mean nothing more than forestry. 
The confusion began in Australia, where, when the forest first came to 
be used and preserved, it was looked on as so extraordinary that they 
seized on the term “‘ reafforestation ’’ to express it; so that popularly, in 
Australia, ‘‘ reafforestation’’ means the natural regeneration of the 
forest, not replanting with seed or young trees. In New Zealand the 
less said about reafforestation the better: it is meet to draw a veil 
over the ‘‘ sins of the fathers! ”’ 
