THE NORMAL KAURI FOREST. 85 
Various Stanps or Trmper: Cuptc FEET per AcrE. 
The Appalachians forest is being redeemed for the nation, at (tt. 
the cost of millions, by a special Act of Congress. It is the 
greatest forest redemption in the world’s history. In his 
letter to Congress President Roosevelt describes it as ‘‘ the 
heaviest and most beautiful hardwood forest of the Con- 
tinent.’”’ The ‘‘ average best stand of timber over large 
areas ’’ seen by Dr. Somerville in his tour of 1909 was ... 1,400 
The average millable forest of New Zealand carries about 
double the timber stand of the Appalachians (Lands Dept. 
Forestry Rep. 1915-16). Thus the figure generally accepted 
for many years in New Zealand is 15,000 sup. ft. of 
mill output. At the official U.S.A. conversion figure this 
would represent 15,000 + 6 = 2,500 c. ft. With the un- 
checked waste of past forest-working in New Zealand the 
‘stand ’’ corresponding to 15,000 sup. ft. ‘‘ off the saw ’’ 
must be taken as being at least equal to... 3,000 
Average timber stand for the five chief timbers of mid- Europe— 
“Oak, Spruce, Silver-fir, Scotch-pine, Beech—at 90 years 
of age in forest cultivated for over 100 years, V1Z. :— 
First-quality forest (Weise’s Yield Tables) a ws. “S500 
Second- or medium-quality forest 6,332 
Third- or lowest- -quality forest (the shade- -bearing Silver-fir 
being the only species that does not show a great decline. 
The general average may be taken as being about the same 
as in the New Zealand wild forest of millable quality) .. 3,650 
Larch at 60 years, Tintern, England, the best in the Forest of 
Dean and probably in England (all planted) ey: .. 6,000 
Oak at 100 years, Forest of Dean, England, maximum group ... 11,957 
Oak at 100 years, first quality, average mid-Europe (Veise) ... 7,800 
Normal Kauri forest (when cultivated), 10,000 c. ft. q.g. as- 
sumed (for gross volume adding one-quarter) 12,500 
Spessart, Rhineland Oak, and Beech (some Oak cut at 300 years) 12,500 
Maximum stand Silver-fir, Black Forest 4 phy ... 14,500 
Silver-fir near Copenhagen, Denmark (a small area) ... 19,000 
Totara, small areas in Rai Valley (Marlborough) and Pahiatua. 
200,000 sup. ft. (W. B. Ep raty At lc. ft. = 6 sawn 
sup. ft. this equals... .. 08,333 
Douglas-fir, maximum best- stocked areas, North Ameri ica ... 60,000 
(For stands of timber in Australian forests see pages 103 to 107 of 
‘Australian Forestry ’’; for some more American “‘ stands,”’ p. 157.) 
THE 100-YEARS TRANSITION PERIOD. 
THe Owup TIMBER OF THE VIRGIN Formst. 
It has been seen (p. 68, ‘‘ Puhipuhi Forest ’’) that where there is 
enough young timber to get age-classes and a regular yield at once the 
foreat has a greatly enhanced Fale einie £700 per acre. That is, how- 
ever, a rare case in the Kauri forests of New Zealand. Commonly a 
‘ transition period ’’ of about 100 years is necessary before the Kauri 
forest becomes fully stocked with young timber, middle- aged timber, and 
mature timber. 
