FOREST OFFICIALS 95 
ment and settlement conflicts with no other employment or settlement. 
On the contrary, it assists them. It has mainly to do with the “ un- 
occupied third ’’ of New Zealand. In Europe, forestry means even more 
than this, because there are a great number of very small farms where 
a man can only make a living by working on the farm in summer and 
in the forest in winter. ‘To a less extent the same practice would be 
convenient on dairy farms in New Zealand. 
In the course of a walking tour through the rich pastures of Taranaki 
I spoke to many settlers living on 100-acre plots. They had had a hard 
struggle at first, clearing the bush, were now living comfortably on 
100 acres, but could not do it on less good land—viz., on Kauri land. 
Forest OFFICIALS. 
Turning to forest officials, the average Prussian scale is as follows :— 
Forest Guards, one man per ted hes 1,800 acres. 
Forest Rangers, as et a8 9,800 ,, 
Verderers or local forest officers ... ee A OY 
I here take officials at the rate of one Ranger for 2,000 acres. 
This scale of officials is the general average throughout France, 
and is that reported quite recently by Mr. H. R. MacMillan, the 
chief Forest officer of British Columbia, in an account of a French 
forest in the Jura Mountains (Quart. Journ, Forestry, Dec., 1916). 
But here one must remember that the French forest officials are also 
trained soldiers. They form a special corps of ‘‘ Guides,’’ mobilizable 
at a word on the outbreak of war. 
The forest organization is similar in other countries of Continental 
Europe. In Germany, where each State has its own Forest Department, 
the staff varies considerably, perhaps on account of the double function 
of all the forest staff, military and forestal. An organization so useful 
in a country where there is so much mountain and bush seems of the 
first necessity in New Zealand, and especially now for the employment 
of returned soldiers. I shall allow for it here, and have more to say 
about it later. (Part II.) 
BALANCE-SHEET OF A NORMAL CULTIVATED KAURI FOREST. 
In view of what is said above, the balance statement of a normal 
Kauri forest (but one in which the age-classes will not be fully established 
for 100 years) will work out for three periods thus :— 
(1.) Period during which the old timber in the virgin Years. 
forest is being cut over (approximately) se 20 
(2.) Period during which the forest is yielding a net 
revenue of about £1 5s. per acre, and growing up 
into the valuable fully stocked Kauri forest of the 
future i ay wh a As, 100 
(3.) The normal Kauri forest of the future, with an 
average net revenue working out to £10 16s. per 
acre per year, and the other Kauri data (very 
curiously) nearly all at about 100—viz., the forest 
matures in 100 years, with not less than 100 
Kauri trees to the acre, yielding an acrim (ave- 
rage timber acre-increment) of 100 c. ft. q.g. in 
100 trees of 2 ft. diameter and 60 ft. of trunk, 
each tree cubing about 100 ec. ft. q.g. ... ... Perpetuity. 
