120 NATURAL REGENERATION. 
(4.) Grazing. 
Grazing in cultivated forests, at the right time and rn the reght 
quantity, is often an important adjunct to natural regeneration. It is 
frequently referred to in forest reports from India and in accounts of 
European forest inspection tours. I have elsewhere (‘‘ Waipoua Kauri 
Forest ’’) suggested the introduction of the south European tame buffalo 
to Waipoua for log-hauling, One can imagine how well the ground 
would be got into good order for natural seeding after the partial removal 
of Kauri timber, the Kauri grass, the Kiekie, and the rank ground 
herbage eaten off by the bufialoes, and the ground breken by their 
ponderous tread ! re 
It is stated on good authority that Kauri is so full of resin that 
cattle will not touch it. I have never seen it eaten by cattle. This is 
an important point in favour of Kauri. It may be set against its 
liability to fire, which has been a good deal exaggerated, oiten from 
interested motives. 
I think it may be accepted that. like Blue-gum and some other 
strongly flavoured trees, cattle will not readily eat Kauri, so that with 
light grazing in the forest where cattle are free to ‘* choose their bite ’’ 
they will leave Kauri alone, while clearing away the troublesome ground 
herbage. 
In India forest grazing is of the first importance. Forest grazing there 
and in New Zealand latitudes in Europe is fully discussed in “* Australian 
Forestry’ (Perth, 1916), There is no doubt, as mentioned in the in- 
augural address of the Forest League, that one of the results of developing 
the mountain-forest lands in New Zealand will be to provide much grazing 
for domestic animals of every kind. Fourteen and a half million animals 
cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep—grazed in the Indian forests in 
1913-14, The grazing is regulated so as to close forests against injurious 
cattle during the regeneration period (‘‘ Forestry in India,’’ MacMillan, 
Forest Quart., December, 1916). 

(5.) Coppice Reproduction. 
Kauri stumps will occasionally send up coppice shoots, but they are 
of little use for natural regeneration. That is the general opinion, but a 
case was reported by a Forest Ranger in the Puketi Forest of fifty or 
sixty cut Kauri trees having coppiced into well-grown Kauri rickers. 
Most likely the cut trees in this case were quite small ones, There 
is no doubt that Kauri will reshoot when young after being cut or broken. 
That Kauri can coppice when young is shown by the not very rare occur- 
rence of two or three trees on one stump. This is well seen in the”photo 
opposite (Plate XV). The cutting-back to the ground-level of badly grown, 
diseased, or broken stems is constantly being done by the French forester 
—recepage. His sharp draw-knife is always in his hand or pocket. The 
practical effect is to substitute a good young tree for a bad one. The 
root of a seedling or sapling is out of harm’s way, but the part above 
ground has to run the gauntlet of many dangers, especially with timber- 
working, before it is grown up and fairly out of harm’s way. 
Most of the other timbers growing with Kauri reshoot when young, 
and of some of these the reshoots of trees up to 1 ft. or more diameter 
are strong enough to form good trees again on the same root. Puriri 
and Mahogany (Dysoaylon) I have noticed doing this; indeed, these trees 
grow like Willows from cuttings in the damp ground of the forest, and it 
may be quite practicable to propagate them, on a large scale as with 
