EXOTIC TREES FOR NORTHERN FORESTS. 137 
rates lime rather than requires it; but the South African trees are not 
yet old enough to prove this, 
fecognition.—The foliage has a fresh green colour. I have heard 
Westralians call Tuart their handsomest Gum. But it is easiest recoo- 
nized by its bud, which has a swollen top when young and green, with 
the cap on. The botanical name means “ swollen head.’’ The mature 
cones such as one picks up on scratching about under the tree are shaped 
just lke a church-bell, with not very prominent teeth (valves) at the 
mouth, 
Karri (Lucalyptus diversicolor) is a more southern, more cold-countrv 
tree. than Tuart. It is the best-known Gum of Western Australia after 
Jarrah, It is quick-growing, has a strong natural reproduction, and 
great strength for structural purposes, but is not durable in the ground. 
_It is a tree of the first economic importance in the forests of Western Aus- 
tralia, where it forms both pure and mixed forest in dense stander of 
rapid growth. It has been planted with complete success in South Afriea, 
but not to a great extent, on account of the timber’s want of durability. 
used as a sleeper. It likes good soil,.but grows fairly on poor sandy soil, 
Jarrain (Lue. marginata) would also do well here. I have seen it 
rowing wild in the poorest sandy soil in the same latitude as the extreme 
north of New Zealand. Whether on poor soil or good soil it grows too 
slowly for planting purposes; but it is well worth introducing to con- 
stituted forest lands, as it has a good natural regeneration, and is peerless 
among Eucalypt timbers, 
Yare (Lucalyptus cornuta) should also be tried on the sandy peninsula 
pf northern New Zealand. It is heavier and stronger than even Tuart, 
its air-dry weight being 71 lb, per ecubie foot. According to Julius’s 
timber tests it is the strongest of all Eucalypt timbers—probably of all 
timbers. I have growu it successfully in South Africa (at Concordia) 
in exactly the poor sandy soil of this sandy northern peninsula of New 
Zealand. It grows quickly and in good form. It is fully described in my 
 Austrahanu Forestry,’ p. 235, On an average Mr. Julius’s tests give 
Yate a tensile strength almost exactly half that of wrought iron, bulk for 
hull-, so that Yate, werght for weight, has, say, three times the tensile 
strength of wrought iron and nearly three times the transverse strength. 
In New Zealand railway-carriage building, where weight means so much. 
the use for such a timber as Yate is obvious. Consider only the clumsy 
heayy iron gates and railings on the outside of New Zealand railway- 
carriages, though it is not necessary to find such a wood as Yate to replace 
them. In South Africa on the same class of car Teak is used. 
Besuy Yarr (fue. lehmanni, or #. cornuta var. symphyocarpa of 
Mueller).—This is the wind-resistant small tree planted so extensively 
at Cape Town in situations where no other tree would flourish. I have 
described elsewhere the value of this tree as a breakwind at Cape Town. 
It is too small a tree to produce sawing-timber, but it makes first-rate 
firewood that breaks up easily under the axe, Its cones occur in huge 
woody knobs the size of a child’s head. One of these alone will boil 
the pot. It has run wild on the very poor sandy soil of the Cape Flats, 
near Cape Town. 
Maiden describes it (Crit. Rev. of Eucalypts, vol. 4, p. 113) as 
EF. lehmannt. Bentham kept it as a variety, but Naudin said, “ £Z. 
lehmanni is certainly one of the most distinct species of the whole 
genus.’’ Naudin is right as far as I have seen the two, but Maiden 
