of the Ist U.S.-Japan Conference on Toxic Microor- 
ganisms. 
Jensen, W. I., and C. S. Williams. 1964. Botulism and 
fowl cholera. Waterfowl Tomorrow. Pages 333-341 
in 1964 Yearbook. U.S. Department of the Interior, 
Washington, D.C. 
Jorek, Norbert. 1977. [Habitat management concepts 
worked out at the sewage-farm project at Muenster. ] 
Angew Ornithol. 5(2):57-108. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1930. Western duck sickness produced 
experimentally. Science 72(1878):658-660. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1932. Progress in western duck sickness 
studies. Science 75(1932):57-58. 
Kalmbach, E, R. 1932. Duck sickness, not contagious. 
Am. Game, May-June. n.p. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1935. Botulism as a factor in the de- 
crease of western waterfowl. Pages 140-143 in U.S. 
Department of Agriculture Yearbook of Agriculture. 
Washington, D.C. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1935. Will botulism become a world- 
wide hazard to wildfowl? J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. New 
Ser. 40(2):183-187. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1938. Botulism, a recurring hazard to 
waterfowl, with notes on recent outbreaks in the U.S., 
Canada, and Australia. U.S. Bur. Biol. Survey, Wildl. 
Leafl. 120. 8 pp. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1939. Botulism in western waterfowl. 
Page 80 in Bert W. Bierer. History of animal plagues 
of North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D.C. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1939. American vultures and the toxin 
of Clostridium botulinum. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 
New Ser. 47(3):187-191. 
Kalmbach, E. R. 1968. Type C botulism among wild 
birds —a historical sketch. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. 
Sci. Rep. — Wildl. 110. 8 pp. 
Kalmbach, E. R., and M. F. Gunderson. 1934. Western 
duck sickness, a form of botulism. U.S. Dep. Agric., 
Tech. Bull. 411. 81 pp. 
Kaufman, O. W., and E. M. Crecelius. 1967. Experi- 
mentally induced immunity in gulls to type E botu- 
lism. Am. J. Vet. Res. 28(127):1857-1862. 
Kaufman, O. W., and L. D. Fay. 1964. Clostridium botu- 
linum type E toxin in tissues of dead loons and gulls. 
Mich. State Univ. Exp. Stn. Q. Bull. 47:236-242. 
Kaufman, O. W., R. H. Monheimer, and H. M. Solomon. 
1966. Field and laboratory studies on type E botulism 
in gulls. Bull. Wildl. Dis. Assoc. 2(3):65. (Abstract) 
Kaufman, O. W., H. M. Solomon, and R. H. Monheimer. 
1967. Experimentally induced type E botulism in gulls 
hatched under natural conditions and reared in cap- 
tivity. Pages 400-406 in Proceedings of the 5th Inter- 
national Symposium on Food and Microbiology — Botu- 
lism 1966. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London. 
Kennedy, C. H. 1940. Botulism in chickens. Vet. Med. 
35(4):250-251. 
Keymer, I. F., G. R. Smith, T. A. Roberts, S. I. Heaney, 
and D. J. Hibberd. 1972. Botulism as a factor in water- 
fowl mortality at St. James’ Park, London. Vet. Rec. 
90(5):111-114. 
Kinsey, A. 1954. Botulism strikes down snow geese. Okla. 
Game Fish News 10(12):10. 
Kohler, B., M. Feiler, F. Friedrichs, and E. Bottcher. 
1977. [Outbreak of botulism among water fowl. ] 
Monatsh. Veterinaermed. 32(5):178-182. 
Krull, J. N. 1970. Aquatic plant-macroinvertebrate asso- 
ciations and waterfowl. J. Wildl. Manage. 34(4):707- 
718: 
Krummes, W. T. 1950. Botulism control and treatment. 
USDI, Fish and Wildl. Serv., Branch of Wildl. Refuges. 
Wildl. Manage. Ser., Circ. No. 2 (Revised). 
Laak, E. A. ter. 1980. Botulismus bij watervogels. Tijd- 
schr. Diergeneesk. 105(17):719-723. 
Lakin, H. W., E. R. Quortrup, and N. Hotchkiss. 1943. 
The relation of selenium to western duck sickness. Auk 
61(3):415-420. 
Lee, V. H., S. Vadlamudi, and R. P. Hanson. 1962, Blow 
fly larvae as a source of botulinum toxin for game farm 
pheasants. J. Wildl. Manage. 26(4):411-413. 
Linsdale, J. M. 1938. Observations on waterbirds in Cali- 
fornia. Calif. Fish Game 24(1):2-43. 
Lloyd, C. S., G. J. Thomas, J. W. MacDonald, E. D. 
Borland, K. Standring, and J. L. Smart. 1976. Wild 
bird mortality caused by botulism in Britain, 1975. 
Biol. Conserv. 10(2):119-129, 
Locke, L. N., and G. E. Bagley. 1965. DDT in loons. 
Pages 13-14 in Effects of pesticides on fish and wildlife: 
1964 research findings of the Fish and Wildlife Service. 
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Cire. 226. 
Louis, A. F. 1941. Duck sickness in Minnesota: botulism 
in western lakes. Conserv. Volunteer 1(5):48-51. 
Luthgen, W. 1972. [Losses in waterfowl on stagnant 
water due to type C botulism.] Pages 89-93 in Diseases 
of zoo animals. XIVth International Symposium, 1972, 
Wroclaw. Akad.-Verlag, Berlin. 
Luthgen, W. 1972. [A modification of the mouse test to 
demonstrate type C botulism in birds.] Berl. Muench. 
Tieraerztl. Wochenschr. 85 Heft 6:107-110. 
Luthgen, W. 1977. [Botulism in poultry.] Prakt. Tier- 
arztl. 58(5):332, 334, 337-338. 
MacDonald, J. W., and K. T. Standring. 1978. An out- 
break of botulism in gulls on the Firth of Forth, Scot- 
land. Biol. Conserv. 14:149-155. 
Madsen, D. H. 1929. Fighting the duck disease at Great 
Salt Lake. Bull. Am. Game Prot. Assoc. 2(1). n.p. 
Madsen, D. H. 1929. The tragedy of western waterfowl. 
Field Stream 33(12):30-31, 108-110. 
Manuwal, D. A. 1967. Observations on a localized duck 
sickness in the Delta Marsh (Manitoba), summer 1964. 
Wilson Bull. 79(2):219-222. 
Martinovich, D., E. Carter, D. A. Woodhouse, and I, P, 
McCausland. 1972. An outbreak of botulism in wild 
waterfowl in New Zealand. N.Z. Vet. J. 20(5):61-65. 
Matveev, K. I., and N. D. Konstantinova. 1974. [The 
