10 
Air 
Tree canopy 

Tree bole 

Shrub 









Secondary consumers 






































Terr. surface Cd) 
<= 
Terr. subsurf. 
Water surface 
Water column 
Bottom water 
column 
Las} 
Soon 
os 
= 
oe 
wo 
D 
& 
a2] 
o | 
Oo 
LL 
Tree canopy if 
Tree bole 
Shrub 
Terr. surface U1 
<= 
3 
Terr. subsurf. 
Water surface , 
Water column 
© 
a o 
© 5 O a 
— 
a, w” w °o 
3 re) = 2 c o 
a 3 =) fo) oO o 
‘, 7) w Q Oo no 
© : = be 
= = c ‘a “4 id ® ® 
© o o = re Ls 2 
= e I 7) b= I oo 
Breeding strata 
Fig. 7, The positions occupied by individual vertebrate species within the super cells of the species-habitat matrix for upland shrub- 
land habitats. 
stratum of habitat, where that stratum or habitat occurs 
in short supply, should be of special concern to planners 
and managers. These species may be candidates for threat- 
ened or endangered status in the future. Species repre- 
sented by small ellipses in strata that occur in abundant 
habitat types would presumably be threatened only if ad- 
verse habitat impacts occurred on a wide scale. 
The x-y coordinates describing the cells in the species- 
habitat matrix for the mature ponderosa pine community 
occupied by the Steller’s jay are listed in Table 1 and the 
position of these cells in the species-habitat matrix is indi- 

cated in Fig. 3. The cluster analysis routine of Rohlf et al. 
(1979) develops wildlife guilds from the types of informa- 
tion listed in Table 1 and Fig. 3. Groups of species are 
clustered together on the basis of the areas (determined by 
the means and variances of their x-y coordinates) each 
occupies in the species-habitat matrix. A group of species 
(I) that occupies the same (or nearly the same) group of 
cells within the species-habitat matrix are clustered to- 
gether, and species that occupy groups of cells at varying 
distances from (I) in the matrix are clustered at varying 
distances from (I). Groups of species within a certain dis- 
a 

