
28 
Water column (water > 25 cm below the surface) 
O79 Little or no flow (e.g., impoundments, lakes, and ponds), shallow (<2 m) 
080 Little or no flow (e.g., impoundments, lakes, and ponds), deep (>2 m) 
081 Laminar flow (e.g., run or smooth or slow flow in a channel), shallow (<2 m) 
082 Laminar flow (e.g., run or smooth or slow flow in a channel), deep (>2 m) 
083 Turbulent flow (e.g., riffle or rapid flow in a channel), shallow (<2 m) 
084 Turbulent flow (e.g., riffle or rapid flow in a channel), deep (>2 m) 
Surface of water column (includes substrates and vegetative cover at shoreline or under shallow water 
[<25 cm deep], open water [<25 cm deep], and types of vegetation extending up to or through surface 
waters) 
085 Artificial (man-made) structures 
0&6 Bedrock (solid rock mass) 
O87 Boulder (>305 mm) 
088 Rubble (152-305 mm) 
089 Cobble (64-152 mm) 
090 Gravel (2-64 mm) 
O91 Sand (0.063-2 mm) 
092 Mud (<0.063 mm) or organic matter (detritus or sapropel) 
093 Aquatic bed —algae, moss, or lichen 
094 Rooted herbaceous vegetation 
095 Rooted woody vegetation 
096 Open water 
097 Floating filamentous algae (non-rooted and rooted) 
098 Floating non-woody vascular plants (non-rooted) 
099 Floating non-woody vascular plants (rooted) 
100 Floating woody vascular plants (non-rooted) 
101 Floating woody vascular plants (rooted) 
102 Emergent non-woody vascular plants 
103 Emergent woody vascular plants 
2,22 Species breeds in coolwater environments. Water temperature at time of breeding may frequently be 
between 15 and 21°C but surrounding climate is characterized with a growing season > 170 days with a 
mean July air temperature <15°C, a growing season of 120-170 days with a mean July air temperature 
> 15°C, or a short growing season <120 days with a mean July temperature > 21°C. 
Bottom of water column (includes substrates under water columns >25 cm deep) 
104 Bedrock (solid rock mass) 
105 Boulder (> 305 mm) 
106 Rubble (152-305 mm) 
107 Cobble (64-152 mm) 
108 Gravel (2-64 mm) 
109 Sand (0.063-2 mm) 
110 Mud (<0.063 mm) or organic matter (detritus or sapropel) 
111 Submerged algae or moss 
112 Submerged rooted vascular plants 
Water column (water > 25 cm below the surface) 
113 Little or no flow (e.g., impoundments, lakes, and ponds), shallow (<2 m) 
114 Little or no flow (e.g., impoundments, lakes, and ponds), deep (>2 m) 
115 Laminar flow (e.g., run or smooth or slow flow in a channel), shallow (<2 m) 
116 Laminar flow (e.g., run or smooth or slow flow in a channel), deep (>2 m) 
117 Turbulent flow (e.g., riffle or rapid flow in a channel), shallow (<2 m) 
118 Turbulent flow (e.g., riffle or rapid flow in a channel), deep (>2 m) 
