HOW PLANTS SCATTER THEIR SEED 183 
willow-herb and dandelion. The elm seed hag two 
wings. It is sometimes called a samara, which means 
“seed of the elm.” The maples and pines also have 
‘ winged seeds. Do you know any other 
plants which have winged seeds ? 
The bur marigold. The bur marigold, 
sometimes called “beggar needles” or 
‘““devil’s bootjack,” is a common weed 
with yellow flower heads. The seeds 
are also in a head, and the cluster 
| bristles all over with the barbed awns. 
“ Bootjack”’ is not a bad name for the seed, so far as 
the shape is concerned. At least a boy brought up in 
the country, who used to pull off his boots at night 
with the old wooden bootjack, thinks so. 
The bur marigold grows at the edges of 
ponds and in wet ditches. If you brush 
against one of these plants, the awns will 
pierce your clothing immediately. The 
barbs hold on tight, and soon there may be 

FiG, 223. 
_ Winged fruit of maple, 
two seeds. 

hundreds of these seeds clinging to you. — 
F1G. 224. Seed of 
The cleavers, burdock, hound’s-tongue, etc. bun meraald 
5 a R ‘* bootjack.’”’ 
The bur marigold is not the only seed or 
fruit ready to “catch on” for a “free ride.” There 
are also cleavers, burdock, hound’s-tongue, and “ what- 
not,’ and it does not help matters to “crack behind,” 
‘either. They hold on until they abe pulled off, and 
