21 
more numerous, as many as twenty being not infrequently met 
with, and the envelope cells formed several layers. They 
occurred in fair abundance in the wet cotton-wool plugs sup- 
porting the pieces of chestnut, but they were only found once 
on the chestnut itself, and then in a cavity almost full of water. 
On tracing their development in the chestnut cultures they 
were found to arise from hyphe, at first similar to those which 
produced the chlamydospores described by Berkeley. Instead 
of cross septa being formed when the coil consisted of a single 
turn though, the hyphe grew into helices with six or more 
turns, forming a structure identical with the ascogonium of an 
Eurotium. Then the upper turns put out a number of branches, 
which grew downwards, weaving in between one-another, and 
finally forming an investing case (Fig. 2). These en- 
veloping hyphe obscured any further changes going on 
in the original helix, so serial microtome _ preparations 
of these sporogenous bodies were made using material 
of various stages of growth. From these the details 
of development were readily traced. In the earlier stages 
the growth of the investing hyphze pushed apart the coils 
of the helix to a certain extent. It then became shortly septate, 
some four to six septa being formed in each complete turn. 
The cells so formed increased in size rapidly, and acquired hard, 
brown, carbonized walls, which, owing to mutual pressure, were 
many-angled. At the same time, their cell contents became 
dense and full of deeply-staining granules. | Meanwhile the 
contents of the investing hyphe practically disappeared, while 
their walls became a pale translucent brown, so forming the 
envelope-case of the spore-ball (Fig. 3). 
These spore-balls were then germinated on the media pre- 
viously used, with the following results: — On pea extract the 
mycelium produced from each spore of the mass was sterile; on 
chestnut-agar endoconidia were produced, but not very 
abundantly ; and on beer-wort gelatine the peculiar mycelium 
with short septa and strongly-swollen segments. These are 
precisely the same results as those obtained with the strikingly 
different spore form described first. Further, instead of pro- 
ducing the first form of chlamydospore, the chestnut-agar 
cultures gave rise to small spore-balls. The development of 
these was easily traced in hanging-drop cultures. A small helix 
of some two to four coils was first produced, from which very 
short hyphee arose, which, instead of investing the coil by 
weaving together, remained closely adpressed to it, so forming 
an envelope layer of one cell in thickness. The coil then broke 
up into chlamydospores, in the fashion already described 
(Fig. 4). 
