
80 FLOWERING PLANTS 
scales of the green succulent cones fit tightly over each other, 
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s, stem ; m, microsporophylls ; », micro- 
sporangia. 
Structure of 


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Fig. 47.—STAMINATE CoNE OF PINUS, 
MEDIAN SECTION. (Low power.) 
i 
/ 
so that not a drop of 
rain can get in; it is in. 
these cones that fertili- 
sation takes place. As 
the cone ripens and the 
scales become . woody 
they separate, bending 
outwards, and it is then 
possible to see two 
delicate winglike mem- 
branes inside. These 
are the wings attached 
to the seeds, which, if 
the cones are sufficiently 
open, can be taken out 
with a knife. In the 
hard old cones, which 
may be seen on the 
tree in winter, the seeds 
have fallen out. 
In order to see the structure of the staminate 
Staminate flower, a median longitudinal section should be 
Flower. 
the microscope: 
two parts: a short stalk, or — 
filament, and an expanded 
anther with two pollen-sacs 
The 
on the under surface. 
made ; such a section is represented diagrammati- 
cally in Fig. 47. It consists 
of (1) astem ; (2) a number of 
staminal leaves, or microsporo- 
phylls, borne on the stem. | 
With needles, a_ single 
staminal leaf should be de- 
tached and examined under 
It shows 


Fie; 48.—A SINGLE STAMINAL 
LEAF OF PINUS. 
f, filament ; p, pollen sacs dehiscing. 
anther drawn in Fig. 48 is dehiscing to let out the pollen. 

