


94 FLOWERING PLANTS 
Some of the pollen reaches the lower part of the stigmas, so 
that self-pollination may take place; if, however, insects do 
visit the flower, they alight on the upper part of the stigmas, 
and then cross-pollination will occur. In the Greater Calaneline : 
cross-pollination depends on the weather; when bright and 
sunny, the flower opens, and allows of ieee visits ; but in dull 
weather the flower remains closed longer, and insects cannot 
get inside ; consequently the anthers dehisce whilst the flower 
is still closed, and self-pollination takes place. 
This Order belongs chiefly to the north tem- 
perate zone. Glaucium is common all round the 
Meditermmean. and in England is found on sandy shores, as 
its thick fleshy leaves would lead us to expect (p. 11). It is 
stated that only one species belonging to this Order occurs in 
the tropics — namely, the Prickly Poppy or the Mexican 
Argemone. 
Medicina) Many of the plants are of great use medicinally. 
Properties. Opium is procured from the fruit of a species of 
Poppy common in the Kast; the unripe capsules are opened, 
the milk flows out and is anes. and from it morphia is pre- 
_ pared. It is on account of its narcotic properties that the 
poppy represents death in allegorical pictures, such as 
Rossetti’s'““ Beata Beatrix.” 
oe 
CRUCIFERZ. 
There is not much difference in the various genera belonging 
to this Order, except in the fruit. It is always easy to 
recognise a Crucifer, but very difficult in many cases to decide 
on the genus to which it belongs. To do this not only has 
the fruit to be carefully examined, but even the seed. The 
structure of the flower and characteristics of the Order have 
already been given (“Elementary Botany,” p. 79); here it will 
be sufficient to discuss the fruit. | 
Chief Types 1. (a) The Silicula, with a broad replum, as in 
of Fruit. the Horse Radish, Alyssum, etc. 
(6) The Silicula, with a narrow replum, as in the Penny- 
Cress, gale Purse (“ Elementary a p.-62). 
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