104 FLOWERING PLANTS 
Distribution. 
common in moderately warm climates, such as 
South Africa. 
THE LEGUMINOSZ. 
The Leguminose include three well-marked 
Sub-Orders. 
Sub-Orders. 
1. The Papilionacee, of which the Sweet Pea has been taken | 
as a type (“Elementary Botany,” pp. 81-84). 
2. The Mimosee, type Acacia. 
3. The Cesalpinew.—The most widely-distributed genus 1s 
Cassia, from one species of which seina is derived. This 
Sub-Order is-almost entirely confined to the tropics; for 
this reason the type chosen is the Judas-tree, which is 
cultivated in English gardens. 
Character, use: Sab- Orders 
istics of have the following char- 
Sub-Orders. acteristics : 
i. The roots, as a rule, have 
tubercles (Fig. 40), produced, prob- 
ably, by some bacterium, by means 
of which the plant is able to take 
in the free nitrogen of the atmo- 
7 sphere (“Elementary Botany,” 
==, p. 123). - 
i. The leaves are stipulate, and 
nearly always compound. 
ii. The flower is irregular in 
the Papilionaceee and Czsalpinez, 
but regular in the Mimosex. 
iv. The gyneecium invariably con- 
sists of one carpel. 
Fig. 75.—SPIKE OF v. The fruit is generally a 
SAINFOIN. ; 
legume, sometimes a lomentum, 
Pan The following special structures of the different 
ructures 7 a 
of Genera. genera should be noted. In many of the Papilion- 

aces the terminal pairs of leaflets are developed into 
On the whole, the plants of this Order are most | 
